Clinical and Prealcoholic Personality Characteristics

Barnes, Gordon E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4274-8_4

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…The notion of an "alcoholic personality" is currently passe. However, certain personality characteristics have been frequently observed among people who develop problems with alcohol (Barnes, 1983;Cox, 1983Cox, , 1985Cox, , 1987Lang, 1983). Characteristics such as nonconformity, impulsivity, and reward seeking are often seen both before the problems with alcohol develop and among alcoholics undergoing treatment.…”

Section: Historical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A motivational model of alcohol use.

Cox¹,

Klinger²

1988

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

1,187

1,136

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The final, common pathway to alcohol use is motivational. A person decides consciously or unconsciously to consume or not to consume any particular drink of alcohol according to whether or not he or she expects that the positive affective consequences of drinking will outweigh those of not drinking. Various factors (e.g., past experiences with drinking, current life situation) help to form expectations of affective change from drinking, these factors always modulated by a person's neurochemical reactivity to alcohol. Such major influences include the person's current nonchemical incentives and the prospect of acquiring new positive incentives and removing current negative incentives. Our motivational counseling technique uses nonchemical goals and incentives to help the alcoholic develop a satisfying life without the necessity of alcohol. The technique first assesses the alcoholic's motivational structure and then seeks to modify it through a multicomponent counseling procedure. The counseling technique is one example of the heuristic value of the motivational model. This article presents a motivational formulation of alcohol use. The formulation is intended to incorporate advances made in understanding the inheritable constitutional factors (e.g., Goodwin, in press; Schuckit, Li, Cloninger, & Deitrich, 1985) and the appetitive systems (T. B. Baker, Morse, & Sherman, 1987) in alcohol-related behavior, and also the array of other motivational factors that are increasingly recognized to play decisive roles in understanding and treating addictive behavior patterns (e.g., Klinger, 1977;Marlatt & Gordon, 1985;Miller, 1985). The particular benefit of this formulation is to place alcoholic behavior in the context of contemporary theory of motivation and emotion, as they relate both to alcohol use in the narrow sense and to the life context in which the alcoholic continually makes choices between drinking and alternative actions. The formulation thereby suggests additional contributory factors, treatment strategies, and conceptual approaches.Despite the fact that there are multiple factors that influence drinking, the final common pathway to alcohol use is, in our view, motivational. The net motivation to drink, moreover, is closely tied to people's incentives in other life areas and to the affective changes that they derive from their incentives. We begin, therefore, by defining incentive motivation and affective change and showing how these two concepts are related to people's use of alcohol. Incentive MotivationThe term incentive motivation was introduced by Clark L.Hull (1951, 1952) as a theoretical construct to account for the vigor and intensity of behavior. Previously, Hull (1943) had assumed that organisms can perform a learned response to the Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to W. Miles Cox, Psychology Service (116B), VA Medical Center, 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. extent that they have acquired habit strength (the learned association between a stimulus and the ...

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Section: Historical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A motivational model of alcohol use.

Cox¹,

Klinger²

1988

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

1,187

1,136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although a strong association of personality traits with tendency towards alcohol and drug abuse is well recognized, the nature of this relationship remains unclear (Flory et al 2002). Some studies indicated that personality pathology results from substance abuse (Barnes 1983, Sher & Trull 1994, reflecting not only the toxic effect of substances, but also severe psychosocial stress associated with heavy drug and alcohol use. Other studies have offered the opposite view, i.e., that personality profiles, either directly or indirectly, could be a predisposing factor for substance abuse in general (Sher & Trull 1994, Flory et al 2002, Milivojevic et al 2012, Mirnics et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-Factor Model Personality Profiles: The Differences Between Alcohol and Opiate Addiction Among Females

Raketic¹,

Barišić²,

Svetozarević

et al. 2017

Psychiat Danub

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“…Among psychiatric patients, Graham (1987) claims low scores are assoc iated with psychotic patients, Reseârch on alcoholism, measuring characteristics associated Hith EgoStrength, supports lhe idea lhat alcoholics are lower on Ego-Strength than nonalcoholics (Barnes, 1979(Barnes, , 1980(Barnes, , 1983 Barnes & Patton, 1n Press; Russell et aI. 1985).…”

Section: Neuroticiammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the alcoholic populations, high Neuroticism and characteristics associated with Neuroticism are evident (Barnes, 1979(Barnes, , 1980(Barnes, , 1983Barnes and Patton, In Press;Russell et al , 1985;Schuckit, 1983;Sutker & À1lain, 1988;Tarter, 1988; Weissman & Myers, 1980 ) . Se 1f -Estèen.…”

Section: Neuroticiammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…À low self-esteem is associated with a negative attitude toward oneself, feeling of anxiety, feelings of isolation r âD unstable self-image, nervousness, psychosomatic symptoms, insomnia, Ioss of appetite, headaches (Rosenberg, 1965). Lov¡ self-esteem and selfconcept are evident in individuals identified as alcoholic (Barnes, 1979(Barnes, , 1983Barnes & Patton, In Press;RusseIl, et aL. 1985;Mccord, 1972).…”

Section: Neuroticiammentioning

confidence: 99%

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