Very few researches concerning women addictions are done up to day. This paper tries to define basic similarities and differences in defense mechanisms used by women alcohol and opiate addicts.Method:Sample of alcohol and opiate female addicts (30 patients in each group) plus control group (30 women) with no psychiatric diagnosis were questioned with Defense Style Questionnaire - DSQ 40 (Andrews, Singh, Bond, 1993).Results:There were found no statistically relevant differences between two experimental and one control group concerning mature defense mechanism use. Significant differences were found in neurotic and immature defense mechanism use: alcohol addicts use prevalently neurotic mechanisms and immature mechanisms prevail among opiate addicts.Conclusions:In our research mostly used neurotic defense mechanisms by alcohol addicts were: pseudoaltruism, idealization, and undoing. The mostly used immature defense mechanisms among opiate addicts were: phantasy, isolation, devaluation, denial and splitting.
Introduction: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. The most common comorbid disorder in patients with TS is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To date, there have been few reports concerning the association of TS with addiction. Methods: We report on 4 patients with TS, ADHD, and heroin addiction. Results: All 4 patients were male and initially presented with TS when they were between 5 and 12 years of age, although 2 of the patients were not diagnosed with TS until they were adults. The patients currently range in age from 21 to 52 years, all having experienced the onset of heroin addiction in adolescence. A reduction in tics during periods of heroin abuse was noted in all patients. Discussion: The lifetime prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with TS is 85.7%, with 57.7% of patients having ≥2 psychiatric conditions in addition to TS. All of the 4 patients in our case series demonstrated a pattern of severe tics, ADHD, impulsive behavior, and heroin addiction. Our observation that these 4 patients with TS showed reduced tics during periods of heroin dependence could be related to the previously described effects of opiates on dopaminergic transmission. Conclusions: The observed reduction of tics during heroin dependence warrants further clinical research.
The results of this research suggest that subjects addicted to opiates differed largely from the subjects addicted to alcohol in terms of the age of the subjects, education level, family relationships, partnerships and social relationships, which all have to be taken into consideration when designing a therapy protocol and planning activities for prevention.
The purpose of this paper is to point out to the significance of heredity and emotional bonding in genesis and development of addiction in women. Method: sample of alcohol and opiate female addicts (30 patients in each group) plus control group (30 women) with no psychiatric diagnosis were questioned with the Semi-structured interview Addiction Severity Index-ASI (T.McLellan, J.Cacciola 1982) Results: There is a statistically significant difference among the groups compared for hereditary factors in addiction. In the group of opiate female addicts, a positive hereditary factor is present in 62.5%, in alcohol female addicts-in 50.0%, and in the control group-in 13.3%. Alcohol addicted subjects do not differ significantly from opiate addicted subjects in terms of living with someone who has a drinking problem. However there is a statistically significant difference between opiate addicted subjects who live with someone with a drug problem (62.5%) and alcohol addicted subjects (13.3%). Conclusion: Heredity is an important risk factor in addiction. A problem with chemical addiction in families of addicts, as a rule, presents as a multi-generational problem. Opiate addiction, in particular, starts and is maintained in a relationship with either a close family member or a partner.
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