Clinical and pathological studies in horses with hepatic disease

West, H.J.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01607.x

Cited by 66 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The finding of the severe degree of liver fat accumulation in six clinically healthy animals indicates that simple liver lipidosis, even the most severe one, is only one of the factors contributing to the development of liver failure. We can agree with West (1997), who stated that the degree of fa�y infiltration of the liver provided a valuable guide to prognosis. However, this is valid only for cows showing signs of hepatic encephalopathy as in plenty of dairy cows with the undisturbed health status liver triglycerides higher than 100 mg/g may be found.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Venous and arterial ammonia in dairy cows with fatty liver and hepatic failure

Mudroň¹,

Rehage²,

Höltershinken³

et al. 2004

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:In the present study we aimed to compare the arterial and venous plasma ammonia in dairy cows with fa�y liver and hepatic failure. 75 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used in the investigation. Clinical examinations revealed liver failure in 14 cows (group LF). Diagnosis of hepatic failure was based on the clinical signs of hepatic encephalopathy, including anorexia, depressed consciousness, ataxia, somnolence, and coma, and on venous plasma ammonia >35 µmol/l. The other cows were divided according to their liver triglyceride content (wet tissue) into the following groups: low triglycerides (LT) < 30 mg/g (n = 24), medium triglycerides (MT) 30-100 mg/g (n = 31), and high triglycerides (HT) >100 mg/g (n = 6). Both arterial and venous plasma ammonia levels were highest in cows with hepatic failure (93.0 ± 44.9 and 70.4 ± 34.1 µmol/l, respectively). We observed that arterial ammonia was significantly higher than venous ammonia (P < 0.01) only in the dairy cows suffering from liver failure, implying a higher informative value of arterial ammonia in detection of liver function damage in ca�le demonstrating signs of hepatic encephalopathy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Venous and arterial ammonia in dairy cows with fatty liver and hepatic failure

Mudroň¹,

Rehage²,

Höltershinken³

et al. 2004

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…The most common clinical signs are icterus, weight loss and neurological signs of hepatic encephalopathy. Intermittent abdominal pain is also a consistent feature in association with liver disease (West 1996), however, it did not occur in the present case. This is Enterocholelith in an Appaloosa mare quite remarkable, considering the size of the concrement and the subsequent cholestasis.…”

Section: Kleiber Et Alcontrasting

confidence: 59%

Enterocholelith in an Appaloosa mare

Kleiber¹,

Imhof²,

Straub³

et al. 2004

PHK

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SummaryA 15 year old appaloosa mare was referred to the equine clinic with signs of hepatic insufficiency. Serum biochemical findings included hyperbilirubinemia and elevated activities of most of the liver specific enzymes. The ultrasound examination of the liver revealed several dilated hepatic ducts. Within one of these an echogenic structure was visualized and interpreted as cholelith. Based on these findings the diagnosis cholelithiasis/ cholangitis causing hepatic insufficiency was made. After ten days of therapy with steroids and six days of therapy with antibiotics respectively, the mare left the clinic in good general condition. Three years later the mare was again referred to the clinic showing the same acute symptoms of hepatic insufficiency and elevated serum activities of the liver specific enzymes. At first she responded well to the steroid therapy but after six days she started to suffer from laminitis and therefore was euthanized. The post mortem examination revealed a markedly dilated common bile duct (Ø 7 cm), which was obstructed by an orange coloured, smooth -fibrous textured cholelith of loamy consistence. The analysis by infrared spectrography revealed that the concrement had the same composition as feces. Unlike the majority of the calculi in horses no mineral components could be detected. As for the ethiopathogenesis we hypothesize that the cholelith formation through reflux of ingesta into the biliary system (therefore its name "enterocholelith") was the underlying problem and the cholangitis and the hepatic insufficiency the consecutive problem.Keywords: enterocholelith, composition of feces, cholangitis, hepatic insufficiency, steroid therapy Enterocholelith bei einer Appaloosa-StuteEine 15 jährige Appaloosa Stute wurde mit Symptomen einer hepatischen Insuffizienz an die Pferdeklinik überwiesen. Die Blutuntersuchung ergab eine Hyperbilirubinämie und erhöhte Werte der leberspezifischen Enzyme. Bei der sonographischen Untersuchung der Leber waren mehrere dilatierte Gallengänge zu erkennen. In einem davon konnte eine echogene Struktur dargestellt werden, die als Cholelith interpretiert wurde. Basierend auf den Untersuchungsergebnissen lag die Verdachtsdiagnose einer Cholelithiasis/ Cholangitis mit sekundärer Leberinsuffizienz nahe. Dank der Therapie mit Steroiden und Antibiotika besserte sich der Allgemeinzustand der Stute, so dass sie 10 Tage nach Überweisung entlassen werden konnte. 3 Jahre später wurde die Stute mit denselben Symptomen und klinisch-chemischen Verände-rungen im Blut an die Pferdeklinik eingeliefert. Sie sprach zuerst gut auf die veranlasste Steroidtherapie an, musste dann aber nach sechs Tagen aufgrund einer Hufrehe euthanasiert werden. Bei der Sektion wurde u.a. ersichtlich, dass der markant dilatierte, ausführende Gallengang (Ø 7 cm) durch ein orangefarbenens, glatt-faseriges Gallengangskonkrement von lehmiger Konsistenz verlegt war. Die Analyse mittels Infrarotspektrographie ergab, dass dieses Konkrement die gleiche Zusammensetzung wie Faeces aufwies und keinerlei mi...

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“…3 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for equine infectious anemia was negative. Thorough examination of a blood smear did not identify babesial organisms.…”

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confidence: 99%