Citrobacter Braakii, an Unusual Organism as Cause of Acute Peritonitis in PD Patients

Carlini, Antonio; Mattei, Romano; Mazzotta, Laurence J.; Lucarotti, I; Pioli, R; Bartelloni, A.; Antonelli, Alberto

doi:10.1177/089686080502500417

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Gursu et al recently reviewed the literature concerning peritonitis caused by Citrobacter species in PD patients, but the results were very limited because the microbiology findings and clinical outcomes were not detailed in the publications reviewed (5). Only a few cases of non- koseri and non- freundii Citrobacter peritonitis were reported, and they were successfully treated without catheter removal (6,7). To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first reported of C. youngae peritonitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrobacter Youngae and Pantoea Agglomerans Peritonitis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient

Chen

Sue

2013

Perit Dial Int

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PDI differentiating between E. avium and other common enterococci (E. faecalis, E. faecium), because the latter organisms are commonly resistant to clindamycin and gentamicin (10). In our patient, the E. avium was found to be susceptible to gentamicin and penicillin, compatible with previous reports. Administering intraperitoneal ampicillin is sufficient in this scenario to eliminate E. avium peritonitis. In addition, E. avium resistance to vancomycin has not been reported to date, but vancomycin resistance in E. faecalis and E. faecium has been reported worldwide (9,10). These hints could assist in separating the various enterococcal species, because prompt institution of the proper antibiotics in PD peritonitis can not only reduce damage to the peritoneum, but also potentially the rate of antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrobacter Youngae and Pantoea Agglomerans Peritonitis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient

Chen

Sue

2013

Perit Dial Int

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“…Interestingly, all false‐positive isolates in this study were identified as C. braakii which is known as an unusual gram‐negative bacterium (Carlini et al . ). E. coli and C. braakii colonies formed on MAC and L‐EMB agars were almost identical, indicating that lactose‐fermenting ability of C. braakii isolates is similar to that of E. coli (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Carlini et al . ); in general, Citrobacter spp. are considered to have low virulence in the gastrointestinal tract except for enterotoxigenic Citrobacter freundii (Schmidt et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Citrobacter braakii: A Major Cause of False‐Positive Results on MacConkey and Levine's Eosin Methylene Blue Selective Agars Used for the Isolation of Escherichia Coli from Fresh Vegetable Samples

Kim

Chon

et al. 2015

Journal of Food Safety

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Fresh vegetables are a frequent cause of foodborne disease outbreaks because they often do not undergo heat treatment prior to consumption. Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are the major causative agents of produce-related outbreaks. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of conventional E. coli selective medium, MacConkey (MAC) agar, for the screening of fresh vegetable samples and evaluated the discrimination ability of Levine's eosin methylene blue (L-EMB) agar for E. coli-like colonies obtained from MAC agar. A total of 120 samples of lettuces (n = 60) and radish sprouts (n = 60) were analyzed. Among 17 (14.2%) MAC agar plates containing putative E. coli colonies, only one plate was confirmed E. colipositive (positive predictive value = 5.9%). All 16 false-positive isolates were identified as Citrobacter braakii and formed E. coli-like colonies on L-EMB agar. These results indicate that in order to reduce false-positive results in screening fresh vegetable samples, both MAC and L-EMB selective agars should be modified with the aim of providing reliable differentiation between E. coli and C. braakii. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAlthough MacConkey (MAC) and Levine's eosin methylene blue (L-EMB) agars are not specific for the detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli, the media are recommended for the isolation of pathogenic E. coli (except E. coli O157:H7) in the Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to develop each pathogenic strains-specific selective media as they were not classified by their biochemical characteristics. However, the unexpected high prevalence of Citrobacter braakii in fresh vegetables observed in this study indicates that the screening potential of these E. coli selective media needs to be improved. 1 16 5.9% † The putative E. coli isolates were confirmed as E. coli (true-positive) or Citrobacter braakii (falsepositive) by the VITEK2 test.‡ PPV (positive predictive value) was calculated as the percentage of true E. coli-positive plates by the VITEK2 test to the number of putative E. coli-positive MacConkey agar plates.

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“…Citrobacter spp. has been related to cases of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients (Carlini et al, ; Chao et al, ; Chen et al, ), to cases of meningitis, and brain abscesses in newborns (Plakkal et al, ). The failure to isolate Yersinia enterocolitica concurs with the results of a previous study conducted in Japan by Kameyama et al (), in which four sugar gliders examined from a pet store were negative for the detection of this bacterium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological survey of sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) kept as pets in Italy

Varriale

Russo

Pace

et al. 2019

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) is a small, arboreal, nocturnal, gliding mammalian possum belonging to the marsupial infraclass. Exotic marsupials, including sugar gliders, are becoming popular companion pets and, consequently, the risk of potential infections that can be transmitted to humans should be investigated. Data on the role of the sugar glider as a possible carrier of pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria are scarce and fragmentary. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of potentially zoonotic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica) in 64 sugar gliders kept as pets in Italy. The highest prevalence of infection pertained to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, in particular Citrobacter spp. (50%), Enterobacter spp. (28·1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15·6%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 10 out of 64 samples (15·6%). All strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited some level of resistance to multiple antimicrobials (ampicillin, amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid and doxycycline). Significance and Impact of the Study The results of this study show that sugar gliders may act as carriers of potentially pathogenic agents for humans and other animal species, therefore caution should be exercised in the handling and contact with these animals.

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Citrobacter Braakii, an Unusual Organism as Cause of Acute Peritonitis in PD Patients

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Citrobacter Youngae and Pantoea Agglomerans Peritonitis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient

Citrobacter Youngae and Pantoea Agglomerans Peritonitis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient

Citrobacter braakii: A Major Cause of False‐Positive Results on MacConkey and Levine's Eosin Methylene Blue Selective Agars Used for the Isolation of Escherichia Coli from Fresh Vegetable Samples

Microbiological survey of sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) kept as pets in Italy

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