Chronocoulometric flow-injection analysis with solvent polymeric membrane ion sensors

Flow-injection amperometry at microfabricated silicon-based μ-liquid–liquid interface arrays

“…On the whole, this problem was circumvented by gellification of the organic phase with poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) [12,14,18,20,24,[28][29][30][31][32][33] or insertion of solid porous membrane materials between the two immiscible solutions [13, 15-17, 21, 23, 25-27]. Inevitable reductions in diffusion coefficients of the analyte ions, associated with gellification of the organic phase, have not proven problematic when monitoring ion transfer by amperometric and voltammetric methods.…”

Flow-Injection Amperometric Determination of Tacrine based on Ion Transfer across a Water–Plasticized Polymeric Membrane Interface

“…The four-electrode potentiostat and the four-electrode flow cell used were described in [15]. Ag/AgCl electrodes were used as reference electrodes and Pt electrodes were used as counter electrodes.…”

“…The strategies used to overcome the mechanical instability of the liquid/liquid interface in order to develop flow amperometric detectors based on ion transfer imply the use of a porous membrane between both liquid phases [5-10] and the partial solidification of the organic phase with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to become a polymer gel [11-12] which can be supported as an array of micro-interfaces [13-14], or even a plasticized PVC membrane [15-18] similar to those used in ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). These last ones have the advantage that, due to its typical composition containing a 2:1 (m/m) plasticizer to PVC ratio, are easy to handle, durable and can be easily accommodated in flow-through cells.…”

Thin Layer Samples Controlled by Dynamic Electrochemistry

“…[5,6] As extensively demonstrated with ion-transfer experiments between two immiscible liquids, there is an ion-transfer potential that is a function of the partitioning of the ion of interest between the two phases. [7] If the applied potential is smaller than a threshold value, ion-transfer is not observed (giving only capacitive currents as readout). When the applied potential becomes higher than the threshold value (constant potential), a current decay is observed as a result of the establishment of the ion-transfer process (Fig.…”