Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate Monolayers Efficiently Control Calcium Phosphate Nucleation and Growth

Abstract

The article describes the phase behavior of cholesteryl hemisuccinate at the air–liquid interface and its effect on calcium phosphate (CP) mineralization. The amphiphile forms stable monolayers with phase transitions at the air–liquid interface from a gas to a tilted liquid-condensed (TLC) and finally to an untilted liquid-condensed (ULC) phase. CP mineralization beneath these monolayers leads to crumpled CP layers made from individual plates. The main crystal phase is octacalcium phosphate (OCP) along with a minor fraction of hydroxyapatite (HAP), as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, bright field transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction.

Anionic Polymer Brushes for Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Mineralization—A Surface with Application Potential in Biomaterials

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) only produces very noisy patterns with low count rates that cannot be analyzed further. This is consistent with earlier results on similar materials [4,5,7,8] and can be assigned to the often very low order in these materials in addition to very low sample amounts.…”

“…Often, (biological) mineral formation and dissolution occur at an interface. This has triggered a number of studies on the effects of surfaces and interfaces on mineral deposition, notably calcium phosphate (CP) [2,3,4,5,6,7,8].…”

Two-Dimensional Immiscible Domain of Cholesterol in the Lipid Bilayer Membrane Promotes Early Stage Calcification by Inducing Oriented Nucleation of Hydroxyapatite

“…3−5 Whether it is normal or abnormal, the crystallization and deposition of inorganic minerals during the calcification process are thought to be mediated by the in vivo interface. 6,7 To date, many biomimetic monolayers, e.g., dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 8,9 cholesteryl amphiphiles, 10,11 and arachidic acid, 12 have been evaluated in the in vivo crystallization process of calcium phosphate (CP). However, the induction interface still remains controversial, especially for CP-induced calcification that occurs in atherosclerosis.…”

“…Calcification is an essential biomineralization process in which calcium accumulated in body tissues, causing the tissues to harden. , Normal calcification leads to the formation of bones and teeth, while unexpected calcification is associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, and kidney stones. − Whether it is normal or abnormal, the crystallization and deposition of inorganic minerals during the calcification process are thought to be mediated by the in vivo interface. , To date, many biomimetic monolayers, e.g., dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), , cholesteryl amphiphiles, , and arachidic acid, have been evaluated in the in vivo crystallization process of calcium phosphate (CP). However, the induction interface still remains controversial, especially for CP-induced calcification that occurs in atherosclerosis.…”