Childbearing and Wives' Foregone Earnings

Calhoun, Charles A.; Espenshade, Thomas J.

doi:10.1080/0032472031000143106

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Gender equity promotes lower fertility by increasing the likelihood that women's fertility intentions will be consequential and by increasing alternative avenues to satisfaction, status, and prestige. Thus, McDonald's arguments are consistent with those of social demographers (Calhoun & Espenshade 1988, DiPrete et al 2003, Kravdal 1992, Rindfuss&Brewster 1996 and economists (see Easterlin 1980Easterlin , 1987Engelhardt & Prskawetz 2002;Willis 1973) that gender change increases the opportunity costs of mothers' foregone labor market opportunities. Empirical evidence on this point is substantial and supportive (Mincer 1985, Weller 1977, Adsera 2004).…”

Section: Contributions Stressing Institutional Change/differencessupporting

confidence: 71%

Low Fertility at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century

2006

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In the past few decades, demographic concerns have shifted from rapid population growth fueled by high fertility to concerns of population decline produced by very low, sub-replacement fertility levels. Once considered a problem unique to Europe or developed nations, concerns now center on the global spread of low fertility. Nearly half of the world's population now lives in countries with fertility at or below replacement levels. Further, by the mid-twenty-first century three of four countries now described as developing are projected to reach or slip below replacement fertility. We review the research on low fertility through the predominant frameworks and theories used to explain it. These explanations range from decomposition and proximate determinant frameworks to grand theories on the fundamental causes underlying the pervasiveness and spread of low fertility. We focus on the ability of theory to situate previous and future findings and conclude with directions for furthur research.

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Section: Contributions Stressing Institutional Change/differencessupporting

confidence: 71%

Low Fertility at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century

2006

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“…In her 1990 study, Joshi compares her results to findings of similar research carried out in the US (Thomas J. Espenshade and Charles A. Calhoun 1986;Charles A. Calhoun and Thomas J. Espenshade 1988), though the methods are so different that the studies are not entirely comparable. In the one comparative study conducted to date, Hugh Davies and Heather Joshi (1994) compared the earnings foregone by British mothers from the 1980 survey to the earnings foregone by mothers in Germany, Sweden, and France.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motherhood and women's earnings in Anglo-American, Continental European, and Nordic Countries

Sigle‐Rushton¹,

Waldfogel²

2007

Feminist Economics

196

130

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may ABSTRACTThe earnings of mothers make up an important, but difficult to quantify, component of parental expenditures on children. This paper compares the long-term earnings of women with children, women without children, and men. The study conducts separate analyses for less educated, moderately educated, and highly educated people in eight Anglo-American, Continental European, and Nordic countries. The study finds that, for the most part, these countries cluster into three groups, with mothers in the Continental European group experiencing the largest earnings differentials, mothers in the Nordic group experiencing the smallest, and mothers in the Anglo-American countries occupying the middle position.

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“…The penalty climbs sharply in relation to women's career prospects (Calhoun and Espenshade, 1988;Anderson et al, 2002;Martin, 2002).…”

Section: Fertility and Opportunity Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Fertility is Bargained: Second Births in Denmark and Spain

Brodmann

Esping‐Andersen²,

Güell

2007

European Sociological Review

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We examine the degree to which women's fertility decisions depend on greater gender symmetry in child care. We analyse second births and focus particularly on the importance of fatherly care for women with a strong career orientation. Exploiting the European Community Household Panel, we use event-history techniques and compare Denmark and Spain, two countries that represent the European extremes in terms of both fertility and public support for working mothers. Compared to the Spanish case, Danish women are more likely to have a second child, in general because welfare state support makes reconciliation of motherhood and careers easier. We show that Danish career women are additionally able to reduce the opportunity cost of motherhood via enhanced fatherly child care due to bargaining between the spouses.

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Childbearing and Wives' Foregone Earnings

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Low Fertility at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century

Low Fertility at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century

Motherhood and women's earnings in Anglo-American, Continental European, and Nordic Countries

When Fertility is Bargained: Second Births in Denmark and Spain

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