This paper investigates the joint effects of academic self-efficacy and stress on the academic performance of 107 nontraditional, largely immigrant and minority, college freshmen at a large urban commuter institution. We developed a survey instrument to measure the level of academic self-efficacy and perceived stress associated with 27 college-related tasks. Both scales have high reliability, and they are moderately negatively correlated. We estimated structural equation models to assess the relative importance of stress and self-efficacy in predicting three academic performance outcomes: first-year college GPA, the number of accumulated credits, and college retention after the first year. The results suggest that academic self-efficacy is a more robust and consistent predictor than stress of academic success.

"This article aims to contribute to an understanding of contemporary American attitudes toward immigration.... The paper uses data from a CBS News/New York Times poll conducted in June 1993. Respondents were asked whether they would like to see the level of immigration to the United States increased, decreased or kept the same. We test several hypotheses about factors influencing respondents' attitudes, including the importance of previously unexamined predictors. These new hypotheses relate to views about the health of the U.S. economy, feelings of social and political alienation, and isolationist sentiments concerning international economic issues and foreign relations. One important discovery is the close connection between possessing restrictionist immigration attitudes and having an isolationist perspective along a broader array of international issues."

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This content downloaded from 128.235.We examine factors that influence the process by which foreign-born persons whose mother tongue is not English acquire English-language proficiency. We argue that the determinants of English-language proficiency include cultural and other traits that U.S. immigrants acquire either at birth or while growing up in their home countries, the human capital and other endowments they possess at the time they migrate to the United States, and the skills and other experiences they accumulate after their arrival in this country. Based on data from the November 1989 Current Population Survey, our results confirm that both pre-and post-immigration phases of the life cycle contain elements that are associated with how well immigrants to the United States speak English. A n important factor that sparks anti-immigrant sentiment in the United States is the perception that new immigrants are unwilling or unable to learn English as readily as did earlier waves of immigrants (Espenshade and Calhoun 1993). This hostility is heightened when, as today, the volume of immigration surpasses historical thresholds and when immigrants increasingly come from such nontraditional regions as Asia and Latin America (Friedberg 1991; U.S. Bureau of the Census 1993a). The changing national origins of recent immigrants to the United States are associated with a relative decline in their average skill levels and educational attainments (Borjas 1994), leading to renewed concerns about the pace of socioeconomic and cultural adaptation for new immigrants, including their acquisition of English-speaking ability (Lopez 1987).Although the United States has no official language policy, English is the predominant language used in social discourse and in business transactions, and the ability to communicate in English is thus linked with success in adjusting to life in America (Gordon 1964). Conversely, the lack of English proficiency has been blamed for numerous economic, social, and health problems encountered by immigrants. Economists argue that English proficiency is a form of human capital in the workplace, and that limited knowledge of English is associated with lower earnings (McManus, Gould, and Welch 1983;McManus 1985). Tienda and Neidert (1984) show that immigrants' poor command of English may curtail schooling for adolescents. Others suggest that language and communication barriers between health-care providers and clients undermine the effectiveness of public health systems (Quesada 1976).Despite widespread evidence that a limited command of English curtails opportunities for immigrants, and notwithstanding an abundant literature on language-use patterns generally, there has bee...

This article examines several factors related to immigrant incorporation that have been ignored in previous studies of voting participation. We add various immigrant‐related variables to a model that controls for individual resources, social incorporation, institutional barriers and contexts of political mobilization. We find little support for straight‐line assimilationist theories of immigrant adaptation. We also find that coming from a repressive regime has no significant effect on voting and that living in areas with Spanish‐language ballots does not increase the likelihood of voting among first generation Latinos. Our results also suggest that antiimmigrant legislation has a positive effect on participation among first and second generation immigrants. Overall, the immigrant‐related variables introduced in our analysis add significantly to the existing theoretical knowledge on voting participation in the United States.

"This article aims to contribute to an understanding of contemporary American attitudes toward immigration.... The paper uses data from a CBS News/New York Times poll conducted in June 1993. Respondents were asked whether they would like to see the level of immigration to the United States increased, decreased or kept the same. We test several hypotheses about factors influencing respondents' attitudes, including the importance of previously unexamined predictors. These new hypotheses relate to views about the health of the U.S. economy, feelings of social and political alienation, and isolationist sentiments concerning international economic issues and foreign relations. One important discovery is the close connection between possessing restrictionist immigration attitudes and having an isolationist perspective along a broader array of international issues."

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This article explores new methods for gathering and analyzing spatially rich demographic data using mobile phones. It describes a pilot study (the Human Mobility Project) in which volunteers around the world were successfully recruited to share GPS and cellular tower information on their trajectories and respond to dynamic, location-based surveys using an open-source Android application. The pilot study illustrates the great potential of mobile phone methodology for moving spatial measures beyond residential census units and investigating a range of important social phenomena, including the heterogeneity of activity spaces, the dynamic nature of spatial segregation, and the contextual dependence of subjective well-being.