Chemiluminescent liposomes as a theranostic carrier for detection of tumor cells under oxidative stress

Vorbeugen oder Heilen – die beispiellose Notwendigkeit von selbstberichtenden Materialien

“…Die Herausforderung,h çhere CL-Quantenausbeuten zu erzielen, den Emissionsbereich einzustellen oder das CL-System zu vereinfachen, besteht jedoch darin, die Reaktionsumgebung oder den Luminophor selbst so zu modifizieren, dass die CL-Eigenschaften nicht versehentlich vermindert werden. Nichtsdestotrotz führte die aktuelle Forschung an bekannten Luminophoren wie Dioxetanen, [131,132] Peroxyoxalaten (POs), [122,[133][134][135][136][137] Acridiniumestern, [138][139][140][141] Luminol [129,142] und deren jeweiligen Derivaten zur Entwicklung einer Fülle an fortschrittlichen, vielversprechenden selbstberichtenden CL-Systemen. Die CL von Acridiniumestern beispielsweise kann durch Antioxidantien, Enzyme oder Peroxide ausgelçst werden und findet daher in der (biomedizinischen) Analytik als selbstberichtender Sensor fürd iese Stoffe Anwendung.…”

“…[140] Ebenso eignen sich Peroxyoxalat (PO)-Luminophore ideal fürA nalysemethoden in der Lebensmittel-und Umweltanalyse,S ensortechnik, Pharmakologie,B iologie oder Medizin. [122,135,136] Wiebei den Acridiniumestern kann die CL-Reaktion von POs durch verschiedene aktive Spezies wie Peroxide,M ikroorganismen, Glucose,T oxine oder Antioxidantien induziert werden. [122,144] Die Oxidation von PO,w ie z.…”

Nanosystems as Vehicles for the Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)

“…Bangham et al first described liposomes in 1965, and Gregoriadis et al reported their first use as nanovehicles in 1971 [69]. Since then, many cases of liposomes as potential candidates for drug delivery [72,74,75], diagnostics [76,77], and theragnostics [65,72,78,79,80] have been reported for numerous fields of applications such as antibiotics, anticancer, and gene therapy [71]. Furthermore, some drugs based on liposome formulation have been commercialized or are in clinical trials [72,81,82,83], among which, some examples are Exparel ® (anesthetic), DepoCyt ® , DaunoXome ® , Myocet ® , Caelyx ® /Doxyl ® , Mepact ® and Marqibo ® (anti-cancer), DepoDur ® (pain relief), and Visudyne ® (macular degeneration, myopia, degenerative) [82].…”

All Eyes on Visible‐Light Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence Read‐Out Systems

“…To enable in vitro and in vivo applications for the detection of H 2 O 2 , the PO has to be protected from spontaneous hydrolysis in aqueous media . There has been a vast range of methods established in recent years to encapsulate PO‐CL systems, in which the most common approach is the enclosure of a dye and peroxyoxalate in surfactant or poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly( ϵ ‐caprolactone) stabilised micelles and liposomes …”

“…[66,68] In the recent past, severalg roups have demonstrated the use of photosensitisers for imageguided therapy.P hotosensitisers act as FR/NIR emitters, which simultaneously generate singlet oxygen speciesu pon chemical excitation.T his effect was observed to efficiently induce tumour cell apoptosis and cell growth inhibition. [63,64,68,69] Mao et al demonstrated aw ay to further enhance the chemiluminescencei ntensity by treating mice with the anti-cancer drug b-phenylethyl isothiocyanate boosting the H 2 O 2 production in tumour tissues and therefore the treatment efficiency (Scheme 3). [68] Moreover,C ho et al reported simultaneous tissue imaging and therapy through employment of ahydroxybenzyla lcohol oxalate copolymer encapsulated in micelles.…”