Chemical attributes of traditional agriculture and Caatinga managed at different depths in an Inceptisol

Abstract

A B S T R A C TThe objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the chemical attributes of an Inceptisol in two areas of sustainable management of the Caatinga Biome and a conventional tillage, compared with the native forest. The areas were managed in the following way: in areas under sustainable management, the Caatinga was thinned in a savanna system (1), and in the other area, the Caatinga was thinned in strips (2); the area under conventional tillage was burned, plowed and harrowed (3), and the native forest (4). The following chemical attributes were analyzed: pH, electrical conductivity, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+, H + Al, P, Na + , K + and soil organic matter (SOM), calculating CEC and base saturation. The treatments were evaluated using multivariate analysis, at different depths up to 0.52 m. In the Caatinga areas thinned in a savanna system and in strips, the greater availability of exchangeable bases and SOM occurs close to the depth of 0.20 m and, in the area with traditional agriculture, it is limited to 0.10 m. In the area thinned in a savanna system, sodium showed a negative correlation with the other elements.Atributos químicos em área agrícola tradicional e Caatinga manejada em diferentes profundidades em um Cambissolo R E S U M O Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar mudanças nos atributos químicos de um Cambissolo háplico em duas áreas de manejo sustentável da caatinga e em uma área de cultivo agrícola convencional e se optou, para efeito de comparação, pela mata nativa (Caatinga). As áreas foram manejadas da seguinte forma: Nas áreas em que houve manejo sustentável foi feito raleamento na caatinga com sistema de savana (1) e na outra área raleamento em faixas (2); na área de cultivo agrícola convencional foram realizadas queimada, aração e gradagem (3) e a mata nativa (4). Os atributos químicos analisados foram: pH, condutividade elétrica, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+, H + Al, P, Na + , K + e matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) calculando-se CTC e saturação por bases. Os tratamentos foram avaliados por meio de análises multivariadas, em várias profundidades até 0,52 m. Verificou-se que na área de caatinga raleada em savana e em faixa, houve maior disponibilidade de bases trocáveis e MOS próximos aos 0,20 m de profundidade e na área com agricultura tradicional se restringe a 0,10 m. Na área raleada com sistema de savana o Na apresentou correlação negativa com os demais elementos indicando situação de antagonismo.

Impact of deforestation on the soil physical and chemical attributes, and humic fraction of organic matter in dry environments in Brazil

“…We found that P, Ca 2+ and TOC, SB and Al saturation were the most important chemical properties to explain data variation, in addition to the HA-C fraction of SOM, which strongly discriminate areas under different land uses. Marinho et al (2016) andSousa Neto et al (2017), studying different management systems in the semiarid region of Brazil, found that the different sites could be discriminated based on soil chemical properties such as pH, P, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , CEC and TOC.…”

“…Deforestation and inadequate use of soil in semi-arid regions, along with the unfavorable climatic conditions of these regions, poorly developed soils and low biomass production, influence the regenerative capacity of the vegetation and soil degradation. Therefore, the use of more efficient and sustainable management sys-tems is necessary for mitigate these negative effects on vegetation and soil in these regions (Sousa et al 2012, Sousa Neto et al 2017. Mekuria et al (2007) highlighted the importance of studies evaluating soil degradation in semi-arid regions, though research on this subject is still incipient.…”

Nutrient Reduction in the Initial Growth of Caatinga Tree Species

“…In the Brazilian semi-arid region, where the Caatinga biome is predominant, firewood and charcoal represent important energy sources for both home and industrial use, especially for bakeries, soap shops, and potteries, which has contributed to the indiscriminate removal of native species and the increasing pressure on the remaining floristic lining of this biome (Sousa Neto et al, 2017). Plant extraction associated with fires exposes the soil to erosive agents, constituting the leading causes of desertification processes in the northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil (Barros & Chaves, 2014;Efthimiou et al, 2020).…”