Characterization of mouthguard materials: Physical and mechanical properties of commercialized products

Gould, Trenton E.; Piland, Scott G.; Shin, Junghwan; Hoyle, Charles E.; Nazarenko, Sergei

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2008.12.005

Cited by 45 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials are known to strongly depend on the material types and environmental conditions in which they are used 14,15) . Understanding the mechanical behaviors of orthodontic thermoplastics within an oral environment is an essential requisite for screening materials for appliances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past two decades, several studies have been performed on the mechanical properties of various dental thermoplastic products [12][13][14][15] . These previous studies have shown that the mechanical properties including elastic modulus, tensile yield stress, and stress relaxation depend on the type of thermoplastic material, the measuring technique (e.g., the amount of strain), and testing environment (e.g., temperature and moisture).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic stress relaxation of orthodontic thermoplastic materials in a simulated oral environment

et al. 2013

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Mechanical properties are crucial for screening orthodontic thermoplastic materials for invisible aligners. However, most of previous studies were carried out within laboratory conditions which limit our understanding of the mechanical behaviors of aligners within oral environment. In this study, we studied the dynamic stress relaxation of thermoplastic materials by combination of Bose ElectroForce and a homemade temperature-controlled water bath. The 3-h stress relaxation curves of five orthodontic thermoplastic materials were measured within 37°C water bath as well as comparatively in ambient atmospheric environment (~20°C). The percentage residual stress at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min was selected for statistical analyses. As expected, the experimental results showed that the residual stress within all five materials decreased with time, and that this process was significantly accelerated in the 37°C water bath (p<0.05). Compared with other materials, Erkodur and Masel exhibited slower relaxing rates in the 37°C water bath (p<0.05).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic stress relaxation of orthodontic thermoplastic materials in a simulated oral environment

et al. 2013

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“…EVA is commonly used as a mouthguard material because of its widespread availability coupled with good mechanical and physical properties 8) . Polyolefin is a recent-emerging mouthguard material which has been popularly used during the past decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Custom-made mouthguards are the preferred choice for players and recommended by FDI (Fédération Dentaire Internationale) World Dental Federation 6) . Besides preventing orofacial injuries, custom-made mouthguards provide athletes with better comfort and wearability 7) and can be processed for enduse applications 8) . Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is the most commonly used material for commercial and custom mouthguards because of these attractive features: widespread availability, can be easily molded, and yet has adequate physical and mechanical properties 8) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides preventing orofacial injuries, custom-made mouthguards provide athletes with better comfort and wearability 7) and can be processed for enduse applications 8) . Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is the most commonly used material for commercial and custom mouthguards because of these attractive features: widespread availability, can be easily molded, and yet has adequate physical and mechanical properties 8) . Polyolefin is also another popular mouthguard material in terms of tensile and tear strength, hardness, contact angle to water, shock-absorbing capability 9) , and good bonding durability like EVA when stored in water under pressure 10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined analysis of shock absorption capability and force dispersion effect of mouthguard materials with different impact objects

et al. 2014

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The aims of the present study were to investigate the shock absorption capability and force dispersion effect of mouthguard (MG) materials using load cell and film sensors. Two kinds of MG materials, ethylene vinyl acetate and polyolefin, were chosen for this study. When impact forces of approximately 5,000 N were applied on the MG materials using a round flat-nosed rod and a bluntly pointed rod, peak intensities were measured using the load cell sensor while peak stresses and impressed stress distribution areas were measured using the film sensor. Combined analysis using both load cell and film sensors clearly showed the shock absorption properties and force dispersion effects of different MG materials with different impact object shapes. Therefore, impact analysis involving a combined use of these sensor systems was useful and reliable in assessing the shock absorption capability and force dispersion effect of MG materials.

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Characterization of mouthguard materials: A comparison of a commercial material to a novel thiolene family

McNair

Gould

Piland

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The goal of this study is to compare the thermal and mechanical properties of a commercial mouthguard material with a novel class of thermoset polymers based on thiolene "click" chemistry. Ternary thiolene systems modified with urethane or acrylate [urethane-modified thiolene network (UMTEN) and acrylate-modified thiolene network (AMTEN), respectively] were synthesized and their properties compared with commercially available Polyshok TM . Durometer hardness (ASTM D2240-05), water absorption [ASTM D570-98 (2005)], tear strength (ASTM D624-00), and impact attenuation [ASTM D6110-06f (modified)] were measured for physical property comparison. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis were used as a means to compare thermal properties. One-way analysis of variance and independent t tests were used to test for differences between Polyshok TM , AMTEN and UMTEN samples. It was found that the novel thiolene networks exhibit higher impact attenuation at intraoral temperature compared with Polyshok TM , although Polyshok TM demonstrates lower water absorption and hardness, as well as higher tear strength. With further modification, this family of thiolene materials may provide a platform for developing next-generation mouthguard materials.

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Characterization of mouthguard materials: Physical and mechanical properties of commercialized products

Cited by 45 publications

References 21 publications

Dynamic stress relaxation of orthodontic thermoplastic materials in a simulated oral environment

Dynamic stress relaxation of orthodontic thermoplastic materials in a simulated oral environment

Combined analysis of shock absorption capability and force dispersion effect of mouthguard materials with different impact objects

Characterization of mouthguard materials: A comparison of a commercial material to a novel thiolene family

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