Characterization of lipase activities in obese Pima indians. Decreases with weight reduction.

Reitman, James S.; Kosmakos, Frank C.; Howard, Barbara V.; Taskinen, Marja‐Riitta; Kuusi, Timo; Nikkilä, Esko A.

doi:10.1172/jci110675

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…39 " 41 We observed a trend toward higher LPL in obese men compared to lean; this was significant in a larger group of Pima men studied previously. 26 However, obese Pima women did not have increasing LPL with obesity, a finding different from other studies. 38 -37 …”

Section: Llpase Activitiescontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…14 The subjects were admitted to the metabolic ward and written informed consent was obtained. 22±1* (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) 70±4tt (50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66) 24±1t (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) 18±2" § (4-29) Human Studies Committees of the National Institutes of Hearth, the Phoenix Area Indian Health Service, and the Gila River Indian Community. The subjects were placed on a weight maintenance diet composed of 45% carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 15% protein (P/S 0.33, 500 mg cholesterol per day).…”

Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of sex differences in high density lipoproteins in Pima Indians. Studies of obesity, lipase activities, and steroid hormones.

Howard¹,

Pan²,

Harper³

et al. 1987

Arteriosclerosis

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To Investigate the reasons for the lack of sex differences In high density llpoprotelns (HDL) observed In population studies of the Plma Indians, we selected 18 lean (9 men, 9 women, body mass Index (BMI) < 27) and 22 obese (12 men, 10 women, BMI > 27) Plma Indians for an Inpatlent study of HDL composition. We measured lipase activities and steroid hormone concentrations, both of which have previously been Implicated In the control of HDL. The lean women had higher concentrations of HDL and HDL 2 than did either the obese women or the lean or obese men. Lean women had significantly lower hepatic lipase activities and significantly higher concentrations of estradlol compared to obese women. Lean women also had different HDL 2 composition, as Indicated by the molar ratio of HDL 2 cholesterol/A-l. Significant negative correlations between HDL and obesity measured by either BMI or percent body fat were observed In both sexes, but the slope of the relationship was steeper In women. Significant negative associations were observed between HDL or HDL 2 concentrations and hepatic lipase In both sexes, and there were significant positive associations between HDL 2 and plasma estradlol In women. The data suggest that obesity In this population has a stronger negative Influence on HDL concentrations In women, possibly through changes In estradlol and hepatic lipase activities. Since there are so few lean women In the Plma population, the net result Is that HDL levels In women In the population as a whole do not differ from those of men. (Arteriosclerosis 7:292-300, May/June 1987) P opulation studies have shown that women usually have a lower prevalence of coronary heart disease than do men. 1 2 The difference has been attributed in part to their high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, since In most populations HDL is higher in women than in men 3 ' 4 and since HDL concentrations have been shown to be inversely associated with the prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease.5 " 7 Because of these observations, it is of Interest to understand the mechanisms that control HDL and why HDL concentrations are influenced by sex.There are some populations in which HDL appear to be similar in men and women.8 " 12 One of these, the Pima Indian population, is especially interesting. Although there is a low prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the nondlabetics, 13 the men appear to have a higher prevalence of CHD than do the women. The HDL concentrations Received September 4, 1986; revision accepted January 28, 1987. in this population are low in both sexes, and no differences in HDL or HDL subtractions were observed between the men and the women when 1391 individuals were sampled in a population survey. 10 The previous data on lipoproteins in this population were obtained on samples from outpatients. We, therefore, decided to examine more thoroughly the HDL composition in Pima subjects stabilized on the metabolic ward. We recruited groups of lean and obese men and women In order to examine the relationships b...

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Section: Llpase Activitiescontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of sex differences in high density lipoproteins in Pima Indians. Studies of obesity, lipase activities, and steroid hormones.

Howard¹,

Pan²,

Harper³

et al. 1987

Arteriosclerosis

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“…Perhaps this response helps to meet the fuel need ofmuscle in the setting ofinsulin resistance (31 Since a reduced proportion oftype I, high-oxidative muscle fibers has been implicated in the etiology of obesity ( 14) and both animal and human studies have established the relationship between muscle fiber type and muscle LPL activity (15)(16)(17)(18), SMLPL activity would be predicted to be low before or during the development ofthe obese state. In the study ofTaskinen et al (32), SMLPL was lower in obese subjects, whereas Reitman et al (33) found no difference between lean and obese. In the present study, no significant relationship was found between percent body fat and SMLPL activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Relationship between skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and 24-hour macronutrient oxidation.

Ferraro¹,

Eckel²,

Larson³

et al. 1993

J. Clin. Invest.

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A low ratio of whole-body 24-h fat/carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation has been shown to be a predictor of subsequent body weight gain. We tested the hypothesis that the variability of this ratio may be related to differences in skeletal muscle metabolism. Since lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a pivotal role in partitioning lipoprotein-borne triglycerides to adipose (storage) and skeletal muscle (mostly oxidation), we postulated that a low ratio of fat/CHO oxidation was associated with a low skeletal muscle LPL (SMLPL) activity. As an index of substrate oxidation, 24-h RQ was measured under sedentary and eucaloric conditions in 16 healthy nondiabetic Pima males. During a 6-h euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp, muscle biopsies were obtained at baseline, 3, and 6 h. Heparin-elutable SMLPL activity was 2.92±0.56 nmol free fatty acids/g-min (mean±SD) at baseline, was unchanged (2.91±0.51) at the third hour, and increased significantly (P < 0.05) to 3.13±0.57 at the sixth hour of the clamp. The mean (of baseline and 3-h) SMLPL activity correlated inversely with 24-h RQ (r = 0.57, P < 0.03) but not with body size, body composition, or insulinmediated glucose uptake. Since SMLPL activity is related to the ratio of whole body fat/CHO oxidation rate, a decreased muscle LPL activity may, therefore, predispose to obesity. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993. 92:441-445.) Key words: lipoprotein lipase

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“…Previously, studies of ATLPL after reductions in body weight have been restricted to measurements of the fasting enzyme activity only (9,(14)(15)(16)(17). As shown by others (8,12,17,(28)(29)(30), immediately after hypocaloric feeding and a mean weight reduction of 14%, fasting ATLPL was lower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After weight loss with variable periods of weight maintenance (4-28 wk), however, some studies have shown an increase (14,15) whereas others a decrease (16,17) or no change (9) in the overnight-fasted enzyme activity. Thus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight reduction increases adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase responsiveness in obese women.

Eckel¹,

Yost²

1987

J. Clin. Invest.

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Lipoprotein lipase was measured in gluteal adipose tissue from nine obese (90.6±2.7 kg) women fasting and after the intravenous infusion of insulin and glucose before, immediately after, and 3 mo subsequent to a 14.0±1.8% (i±SEM) weight reduction. Fasting adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity (ATLPL) decreased from 5.3 to 2.3 nEq FFA/106 cells per mi (P < 0.02) immediately after weight reduction, yet after weight maintenance, higher levels were again found (6.1 nEq FFA/106 cells per min). Although responsiveness of ATLPL to 40 mU/m2 per min of insulin infusion over 6 h was absent before weight loss, increases were seen immediately after weight loss (AO.8, P = 0.05) and more so (A7.7, P < 0.01) after 3 mo. Moreover, whereas before weight loss the ATLPL response to ingested mixed meals (A 0.9) was minimal, in the maintained reduced-obese state a marked increase was seen (A12.6, P = 0.02). Thus, because ATLPL is important to lipid filling in adipose tissue, the maintenance of high levels of fasting ATLPL and the increase in enzyme responsiveness in the reduced-obese state could play an important role in the resumption of the obese state, which so commonly follows weight reduction.

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Characterization of lipase activities in obese Pima indians. Decreases with weight reduction.

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Lack of sex differences in high density lipoproteins in Pima Indians. Studies of obesity, lipase activities, and steroid hormones.

Lack of sex differences in high density lipoproteins in Pima Indians. Studies of obesity, lipase activities, and steroid hormones.

Relationship between skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and 24-hour macronutrient oxidation.

Weight reduction increases adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase responsiveness in obese women.

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