Relationship between skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and 24-hour macronutrient oxidation.

Ferraro, R T; Eckel, Robert H.; Larson, D E; Fontvieille, Anne-Marie; Rising, Russell; Jensen, Dalan R.; Ravussin, Éric

doi:10.1172/jci116586

Cited by 89 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…They reported data for endurance athletes in the trained state and after two-weeks of detraining; LPL activity in muscle decreased markedly with detraining, alongside a clear increase in the activity of this enzyme in adipose tissue. 77 These ®ndings, and a recent report of an association between low skeletal muscle LPL activity and increased systemic respiratory quotient (hence reduced fat oxidation), 78 demonstrate the potential of exercise with the body's large muscles to in¯uence body composition in the longterm. This may be most dramatically demonstrated by comparison of responses to a high fat diet in mice; the profound increase in fat mass induced in normal animals by this diet was largely avoided in transgenic mice which over-expressed skeletal muscle LPL.…”

Section: Exercise and Postprandial Lipid And Lipoprotein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 69%

Physical activity, obesity and blood lipids

Hardman

1999

Int J Obes

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PURPOSE: To present the evidence concerning the in¯uence of physical activity on the dyslipidaemia of obesity and overweight. METHODS: Review of a personal library of literature on the interactions of physical activity, lipoprotein metabolism and body fatness. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Obesity, in particular abdominal obesity, is associated with dyslipidaemia Ð speci®cally elevated plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the fasted state, an exaggerated postprandial rise in plasma TAG, low concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and possibly a preponderance of small dense low density lipoproteins. Regular physical activity contributes to the avoidance of overweight and hence to the development of dyslipidaemia. Although low levels of body fatness contribute to the high levels of HDL cholesterol and the low levels of TAG in trained people there are other important determinants of these characteristics. In particular, exercise (and probably training, that is regular, frequent exercise over months and years) enhances the metabolic capacity for TAG, possibly through mechanisms involving increased activity of lipoprotein lipase. This, in turn, has effects on other lipoprotein species such that the transport of TAG and cholesterol in the circulation is improved. There is evidence for a dose ± response relationship, with for example, higher levels of HDL cholesterol in men and women who expend more energy in exercise. For the majority of healthy, sedentary adults frequent, moderate intensity exercise equivalent to a total gross energy expenditure of about 8.5 MJ per week is probably a suf®cient to in¯uence lipoprotein lipids.

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Section: Exercise and Postprandial Lipid And Lipoprotein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 69%

Physical activity, obesity and blood lipids

Hardman

1999

Int J Obes

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“…This may be due to enhanced uptake of dietary fatty acids by the greater adipose tissue mass of overweight subjects, in whom lipoprotein lipase activity is increased. 21 Release of exogenous fatty acids into plasma has previously been shown to be defective in obese women compared to normal weight women, 20 possibly due to greater uptake by elevated AT stores. The results from this study show that fat oxidation and EE were enhanced to a greater degree with MCT consumption compared to LCT in men of lower BW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater rise in fat oxidation with medium-chain triglyceride consumption relative to long-chain triglyceride is associated with lower initial body weight and greater loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue

2003

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OBJECTIVE: Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) consumption has been shown to increase energy expenditure (EE) and lead to greater losses of the adipose tissue in animals and humans. The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between body composition and thermogenic responsiveness to MCT treatment. DESIGN: Randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial, with diets rich in either MCT or long-chain triglyceride (LCT) (as olive oil) for periods of 4 weeks each. SUBJECTS: A total of 19 healthy overweight men aged (x7s.e.m.) 44.572.5 y with a body mass index of 27.870.5 kg/m 2 . MEASUREMENTS: EE and body composition were measured using indirect calorimetry and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively, at the baseline and end point of each feeding period. EE was measured for 30 min before consumption of a standard meal and for 5.5 h following the meal. RESULTS: Body weight (BW) decreased (Po0.05) by 1.0370.25 kg with MCT consumption compared to 0.6270.29 kg with LCT consumption. The difference in average EE between MCT and LCT consumptions was related to initial BW, such that men with lower initial BW had a greater rise in EE with MCT consumption relative to LCT on day 28 (r ¼ À0.472, P ¼ 0.04) but not day 2 (r ¼ À0.368, P ¼ 0.12). Similar results were obtained with fat oxidation on day 28 (r ¼ À0.553, P ¼ 0.01). The greater rise in fat oxidation with MCT compared to LCT consumption on day 2 tended to be related to greater loss of BW after MCT vs LCT consumption (r ¼ À0.4075, P ¼ 0.08). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that shunting of dietary fat towards oxidation results in diminished fat storage, as reflected by the loss of BW and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, MCT consumption may stimulate EE and fat oxidation to a lower extent in men of greater BW compared to men of lower BW, indicative of the lower responsiveness to a rapidly oxidized fat by overweight men.

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“…Crosssectional studies demonstrated that the 24 h RQ correlated negatively with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase, 35 b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, adenylokinase and creatine kinase activities. 36 Whether the preferential pattern of fuel utilisation by an individual is determined by skeletal muscle enzyme activity or by substrate availability is, as yet, unknown ± although the size of body fat stores and insulin sensitivity/ resistance are known to modulate circulating free fatty acid concentrations and are independent factors predicting percentage fat oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss rebound

1997

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the possible metabolic factors predisposing to weight gain subsequent to the cessation of a rapid-weight-loss diet. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, intervention study of a 2 MJ diet daily for 28 d in a metabolic ward followed by a 12-month outpatient follow-up under a conventional, hypocaloric diet. SUBJECTS: Thirty-®ve females and one male, all with morbid obesity de®ned by a body mass index ! 35 kg/m 2 . MEASUREMENTS: V ? O 2 and V ? CO 2 measured by 30 min indirect calorimetry to calculate resting energy expenditure and resting respiratory quotient at the beginning and end of very-low-calorie diet; body composition assessed by hydrostatic weighing on day 1; weight recorded on days 1 and 28 and at follow-up of 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: From among all the variables considered, the resting respiratory quotient measured on day 28, even adjusted for weight loss during hospitalisation, was the only one that correlated signi®cantly with the weight changes recorded during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Subjects who showed a respiratory quotient on day 28 in the lower range (`0.72) were more able to maintain the weight-loss achieved with the very-low-calorie diet while those in the higher range (b 0.75) were less able to do so over the follow-up period. Thus, an appropriately measured respiratory quotient could prove useful in clinical practice as a prognostic marker of the long-term effectiveness of low-and very-low-calorie diets used to induce rapid weight loss.

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Relationship between skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and 24-hour macronutrient oxidation.

Cited by 89 publications

References 30 publications

Physical activity, obesity and blood lipids

Physical activity, obesity and blood lipids

Greater rise in fat oxidation with medium-chain triglyceride consumption relative to long-chain triglyceride is associated with lower initial body weight and greater loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue

The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss rebound

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