Characterization of Human Gingival Fibroblasts on Zirconia Surfaces Containing Niobium Oxide

Abstract

It was indicated that tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP) containing yttria (Y2O3) and niobium oxide (Nb2O5) ((Y,Nb)-TZP) could be an adequate dental material to be used at esthetically important sites. The (Y,Nb)-TZP was also proved to possess its osteogenic potential comparable with those conventional dental implant material, titanium (Ti). The objective of the current study was to characterize cellular response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to smooth and rough surfaces of the (Y,Nb)-TZP disc, which were obtained by polishing and sandblasting, respectively. Various microscopic, biochemical, and molecular techniques were used to investigate the disc surfaces and cellular responses for the experimental (Y,Nb)-TZP and the comparing Ti groups. Sandblasted rough (Y,Nb)-TZP (Zir-R) discs had the highest surface roughness. HGFs cultured on polished (Y,Nb)-TZP (Zir) showed a rounded cell morphology and light spreading at 6 h after seeding and its proliferation rate significantly increased during seven days of culture compared to other surfaces. The mRNA expressions of type I collagen, integrin α2 and β1 were significantly stimulated for the Zir group at 24 h after seeding. The current findings, combined with the previous results, indicate that (Y,Nb)-TZP provides appropriate surface condition for osseointegration at the fixture level and for peri-implant mucosal sealing at the abutment level producing a suitable candidate for dental implantation with an expected favorable clinical outcome.

Biocompatibility of Polymer and Ceramic CAD/CAM Materials with Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs)

“…There are many studies comparing zirconia with titanium [49,50,63,64], but only a few have compared CAD/CAM-ceramics with CAD/CAM-polymers. Raffaeli et al compared the response of rat immortalised fibroblasts to zirconia and feldspathic ceramics, and their findings suggested a better viability in zirconia.…”

Comparison of Cytomorphometry and Early Cell Response of Human Gingival Fibroblast (HGFs) between Zirconium and New Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramics (ZLS)

“…There is no consensus about which is the best surface to create a good mucosal seal and reduce bacterial adhesion. Some authors have reported the importance of this surface being smooth [ 8 , 11 , 39 , 42 ], while other authors have shown that rough surfaces are preferred, either through some surface treatment like sandblasting—with random cell growth—[ 7 , 45 ], or the creation of micro-roughness [ 5 ] to enhance attachment, proliferation, and spreading in the direction of the microgrooves.…”

“…Conversely, early cellular response in zirconium has been compared with multiple restoration materials, such as feldspathic ceramics [ 9 , 10 ] or titanium [ 7 , 8 ]. In vitro, zirconium is considered the alternative to titanium in terms of better maintenance of soft tissue stability, since it provides better biocompatibility and aesthetics [ 1 , 9 , 31 ].…”

“…The current gold standard in the manufacture of implant devices is titanium. Nevertheless, according to the latest in vitro studies [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], zirconium could be a viable option due to its good mechanical properties, high biological stability, and biocompatibility, as well as lower plaque retention [ 12 , 13 ].…”

In vitro Comparative Study of Fibroblastic Behaviour on Polymethacrylate (PMMA) and Lithium Disilicate Polymer Surfaces

“…These two cell types create the barrier. The cells’ adhesion depends on various components such as lipids, carbohidrats and bound proteins [6,24,25,26,27,28,29].…”