Controlling magnetic states by a small current is essential for the next-generation of energy-efficient spintronic devices. However, it invariably requires considerable energy to change a magnetic ground state of intrinsically quantum nature governed by fundamental Hamiltonian, Received: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))Revised: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))

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That one can stack van der Waals materials with atomically sharp interfaces has provided a new material platform of constructing heterostructures. The technical challenge of mechanical stacking is picking up the exfoliated atomically thin materials after mechanical exfoliation without chemical and mechanical degradation. Chemically inert hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has been widely used for encapsulating and picking up vdW materials. However, due to the relatively weak adhesion of hBN, assembling vdW heterostructures based on hBN has been limited. We report a new dry transfer technique. We used two vdW semiconductors (ZnPS 3 and CrPS 4 ) to pick up and encapsulate layers for vdW heterostructures, which otherwise are known to be hard to fabricate. By combining with optimized polycaprolactone (PCL) providing strong adhesion, we demonstrated various vertical heterostructure devices, including quasi-2D superconducting NbSe 2 Josephson junctions with atomically clean interface. The versatility of the PCL-based vdW stacking method provides a new route for assembling complex 2D vdW materials without interfacial degradation.

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Zirconia is now favored over titanium for use in dental implant materials because of its superior aesthetic qualities. However, zirconia is susceptible to degradation at lower temperatures. In order to address this issue, we have developed modified zirconia implants that contain tantalum oxide or niobium oxide. Cells attached as efficiently to the zirconia implants as to titanium-based materials, irrespective of surface roughness. Cell proliferation on the polished surface was higher than that on the rough surfaces, but the converse was true for the osteogenic response. Cells on yttrium oxide (Y2O3)/tantalum oxide (Ta2O5)- and yttrium oxide (Y2O3)/niobium oxide (Nb2O5)-containing tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) discs ((Y, Ta)-TZP and (Y, Nb)-TZP, respectively) had a similar proliferative potential as those grown on anodized titanium. The osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells on (Y, Ta)-TZP and (Y, Nb)-TZP was similar to that of cells grown on rough-surface titanium. These data demonstrate that improved zirconia implants, which are resistant to temperature-induced degradation, retain the desirable clinical properties of structural stability and support of an osteogenic response.

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