Biocompatibility of Polymer and Ceramic CAD/CAM Materials with Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs)

Abstract

Four polymer and ceramic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials from different manufacturers (VITA CAD-Temp (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA), Celtra Duo (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic, ZLS), IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate (LS2)), and VITA YZ (yttrium-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, Y-TZP)) were tested to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and collagen type I secretions on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). A total of 160 disc-shaped samples (Ø: 10 ± 2 mm; h: 2 mm) were milled from commercial blanks and blocks. Direct-contact cytotoxicity assays were evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h, and collagen type I (COL1) secretions were analysed by cell-based ELISA at 24 and 72 h. Both experiments revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). At 24 and 48 h of contact, cytotoxic potential was observed for all materials. Later, at 72 h, all groups reached biologically acceptable levels. LS2 showed the best results regarding cell viability and collagen secretion in all of the time evaluations, while Y-TZP and ZLS revealed intermediate results, and PMMA exhibited the lowest values in both experiments. At 72 h, all groups showed sharp decreases in COL1 secretion regarding the 24-h values. According to the results obtained and the limitations of the present in vitro study, it may be concluded that the ceramic materials revealed a better cell response than the polymers. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to consolidate these findings and thus extrapolate the results into clinical practice.

Surface roughness, plaque accumulation, and cytotoxicity of provisional restorative materials fabricated by different methods

“…Slight cytotoxicity was observed in the subtractive group. A similar study comparing the cytotoxicity of different polymer and ceramic CAD-CAM materials found that the prefabricated PMMA blank (VITA CAD-Tem) showed slight cytotoxicity on gingival fibroblasts after 72 hours [ 25 ]. Engler et al [ 24 ] investigated the residual monomer elution from different conventional and CAD-CAM dental polymers.…”

Effect of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (NTP) and Zirconia Primer Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Y-TZP and Resin Cement

“…Y-TZP is a ceramic core that has excellent biocompatibility [ 35 ] and mechanical strength such as hardness [ 36 ] and wear resistance [ 37 ], so it is widely used in the dental field [ 6 ]. However, the use of Y-TZP is limited due to poor bonding strength with resin cement.…”

Review on Polymer, Ceramic and Composite Materials for CAD/CAM Indirect Restorations in Dentistry—Application, Mechanical Characteristics and Comparison

“…Results show that after 72 h, all groups reached biologically acceptable levels of cytotoxic potential. Moreover, it is concluded that the ceramic materials (lithium disilicate) present a better cell response than the polymers [ 123 ].…”