“…PAPP-A, which was first obtained from the plasma of pregnant women in 1974, is a protein released from the placenta, and its concentration in maternal blood reflects placental activity (9,10). PAPP-A is a specific protease for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), and thus plays a role in fetal growth and the development and many physiopathologic events related to IGF-1 and -2 (11).…”
“…PAPP-A, which was first obtained from the plasma of pregnant women in 1974, is a protein released from the placenta, and its concentration in maternal blood reflects placental activity (9,10). PAPP-A is a specific protease for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), and thus plays a role in fetal growth and the development and many physiopathologic events related to IGF-1 and -2 (11).…”
“…PAPP-A was originally isolated in 1974 as one of four placental proteins circulating in high concentrations in pregnant women (1) . In 1990 it was shown that low maternal serum level of PAPP-A in the fi rst trimester of pregnancy is characteristic for Down syndrome fetus development (2) , and measurement of PAPP-A was introduced in the fi rst trimester screening of chromosomal anomalies (3) .…”
Section: History Of Papp-a In Laboratory Medicinementioning
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a biomarker routinely used in screening for Down syndrome in the fi rst trimester of pregnancy. It is also present in very small amounts in men and non-pregnant women. PAPP-A is a key regulator of local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioavailability -IGFs are essential for normal body size during fetal development, but they are associated with aging and agerelated diseases. Measurement of circulating PAPP-A can provide valuable information not only in pregnant women (chromosomal anomalies and adverse pregnancy outcomes) but also in patients with coronary artery disease (contribution to diagnosis, prognostic value) and in patients with kidney diseases. PAPP-A is associated with renal function and proteinuria, is increased mainly in dialysis patients and decreases after kidney transplantation. It is an independent mortality predictor of hemodialysis patients and indicator of adverse outcome of transplanted patients. PAPP-A levels can be infl uenced by various chemicals and drugs, among them mainly heparin. Various assays for PAPP-A exist and the type of assay used in a study should be considered. This article reviews the data summarizing basic information about PAPP-A with a particular focus on the signifi cance of PAPP-A in renal diseases.
“…tein (TSG) (also referred to as SP-], PAPP-C, PSBG or PSbG) was first identified immunochemically in the serum of pregnant women and placental tissue (Tatarinov & Masyukevich, 1970; Bohn, 1971;Lin et al, 1974). Subsequently, TSG was discovered in the serum of patients with trophoblastic (Tatarinov et al, 1974) and testicular tumours (Tatarinov et al, 1975;Johnson et al, 1977) and in non-trophoblastic malignancies (Horne et al, 1976;Tatarinov & Sokolov, 1977) and the frequency of raised levels of TSG was compared with HCCG in these tumour groups Seppala et al, 1978;Searle et al, 1978;Tatarinov et al, 1976;Johnson et al, 1977;Wuirz et al, 1979).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TSG was isolated from pooled pregnancy sera by a combination of methods already described (Bohn, 1971;Lin et al, 1974). The protein fraction prepared by chromatography with KM-32 cellulose was purified further by isoelectrofocusing.…”
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