Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose-Based Wound Dressing in Different Order Impregnation of Chitosan and Collagen

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC), chitosan (Chi), and collagen (Col) are known as biopolymers which have met some properties that are required as wound dressing. This study focused on investigating the fabrication of BC-based wound dressing with chitosan and collagen, since chitosan has red blood cells binding and anti-bacterial properties, while collagen can support cell and tissue growth for skin wounds. The BC-based wound dressing was prepared by impregnating BC fibers in the chitosan and/or collagen solution for 24 h. FTIR was used to confirm the intermolecular interaction of amine and hydroxyl group of chitosan and/or collagen in BC-based wound dressing. Furthermore, the XRD diffractogram of the wound dressing show broader peaks at 14.2°, 16.6°, and 22.4° due to the presence of chitosan and collagen molecules in BC fibers. These results were then supported by SEM images which confirmed that chitosan and collagen were well penetrated into BC fibers. TGA curves revealed that BC/Chi/Col has better thermal properties based on the Tmax compare to BC/Col/Chi. Feasibility of the mats to be applied as wound dressing was also supported by other tests, i.e., water content, porosity, and hemocompatibility, which indicates that the wound dressing is classified as nonhemolytic materials. However, BC/Col/Chi was considered a more potential wound dressing to be applied compared to BC/Chi/Col since it has larger pores and showed better antibacterial properties (larger zones of inhibition) against S. aureus and E. coli via disk diffusion tests.

Development of Bacterial Cellulose Biocomposites Combined with Starch and Collagen and Evaluation of Their Properties

“…Thus, the use of biocomposites based on BC, collagen, and starch can be considered as an environment friendly alternative. With regard to moisture, F6 (BC–collagen biocomposite) had the highest moisture, which differed from the results reported by Pasaribu et al [ 79 ], which pointed to the decrease in moisture content in BC after collagen incorporation.…”

Effects of chitosan-collagen dressing on wound healing in vitro and in vivo assays

“…To make an ideal wound dressing, we tried to combine the collagen and chitosan in varying proportions through the freeze-dried way since chitosan and collagen are known to have different chemical properties but can complement each other and interact chemically through hydrogen bonding without any significant changes. 8 Collagen is known as a major structural component of the dermal extracellular matrix as a natural polymer which has many properties of hemostasis, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and the ability of promoting cell proliferation. 9,10 Therefore, collagen is widely used in biomedical materials and occupies a superior place among polymers for applications of skin tissue engineering.…”

Antimicrobial and antihemolytic properties of a CNF/AgNP-chitosan film: A potential wound dressing material

“…The crystallinity was maintained because the amount of AgNPs on the CNFs was insufficient to alter the XRD pattern [2]. In wound dressing manufacturing, high crystallinity of samples might lead to the formation of microchannel structures, and large surface areas of polymer matrices would potentially affect the drug release properties of the pads [26]. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f As shown in Figure 5 (a), pure CNFs only experienced a 9% mass loss at temperatures of 70-100 °C.…”

“…Chitosan forms thin filaments on the surface of AgNPs and increases their stability [ 25 ]. Moreover, the addition of chitosan as a material for wound dressing applications is also beneficial, as chitosan is nontoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible and has good antibacterial activity [ 26 ]. Thus, in the present study, chitosan not only serves as an AgNP stabilizer but also plays an active role in the wound healing process.…”