Characteristics of calcium and phosphorous metabolism in patients after bariatric surgery and the role of vitamin d supplementation in the prevention and treatment of postoperative bone and mineral disorders

Abstract

This article provides a review of current literature on the effect of various doses of vitamin D on the parameters of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients after bariatric surgery.
 The decrease of bone mineral density is one of the most frequent complications of the bariatric surgery, which increases the risk of fractures. There are many different mechanisms for impaired mineral metabolism after bariatric surgery, but a decrease in the absorption of calcium and vitamin D plays a key role in this process. Vitamin D is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium homeostasis in the body, which provides the absorption of 90% of calcium in the gut. Patients with morbid obesity have a high risk of vitamin D deficiency even before surgery, which may worsen after operation and in the absence of timely treatment lead to severe disturbances of calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
 It was found that high doses of vitamin D after bariatric surgery can improve parameters of bone metabolism, and, as a result, prevent fractures after surgery, which generally has a beneficial effect on the quality of life and labor prognosis. The results of the studies available to date open up new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications associated with impaired bone metabolism.