Changes in blood insulin resistance, GLUT4 and AMPK after continuous and interval aerobic training in normal and diabetic rats

Abstract

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is now seen as a worldwide epidemic disease with prevalent and incidence data. Exercise training is known to promote beneficial changes in diabetic patient. Materials & Methods:A number of 60 male rats weighing 180 to 310 grams, 13 weeks old were divided into six groups. The exercise protocol was aerobic training for six weeks. In this study, factors like Insulin resistance, glucose transporter type 4 and AMP-activated protein kinase were measured. The data were analyzed using oneway analysis of variance test in P< 0.05 level. Results:The results showed a significant difference in insulin resistance (P=0.001, F5, 37= 10.80), Glucose transporter type 4 (P=0.001, F5, 37= 20.14) and AMP-activated protein kinase (F5, 37 = 16.2, P= 0.001) levels among different groups. There was no significant difference between the impact of continuous and interval training on these indices (P=1.00). Conclusions:The continuous and interval training by increasing the Glucose transporter type4 protein content and AMP-activated protein kinase lead to reduced blood glucose levels and improved insulin resistance. Furthermore, we could use conducting interval training as a therapeutic approach to manage diabetes for the participants who were not able to perform the continuous training due to fatigue.

The effect of moderate endurance training on gastrocnemius retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

“…Rats were kept in animal house with standard condition (12:12 h dark/light cycle) at 21 ± 2 °C for 2 weeks. Then, all rats taught to run on motor-driven treadmill (5 days at 10 min a day at a speed of 10 m/min) [ 1 ]. After the period of acclimatization, 20 rats were randomly affected by diabetes using streptozotocin (STZ; ALX-380-010-G001, Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY, USA) at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight.…”

“…To ensure the occurrence of insulin resistance, glucose tolerance test was performed by a glucometer (Easy Glucometer, South Korea) on animals after a 12-h fasting. Results showed the presence of insulin resistance (glucose greater than 300 mg/dl) [ 1 ] in all animals. Finally, diabetic rats were randomly divided into equal groups ( n = 10) of diabetic control (DC) and diabetic training (DT).…”

“…Endurance exercise training performed on motor-driven treadmill (Technic-Azma Co., Tabriz, Iran) on the basis of overload principle for 8 weeks, three sessions per week [ 1 ]. Rats in DT and HT groups ran at a speed of 12 m/min for 20 min on the first week, and the duration increased with 5 min/week until 50 min was achieved by the eighth week.…”

“…Throughout the training period, the slope of the treadmill was considered 0°. At the beginning and end of endurance exercise training, warm-up and cool-down were performed for 3 min at 7 m/min [ 1 ].…”

“…There is now a substantial body of evidence to suggest that destruction of beta cell, decreased levels of insulin and its receptors, and decreased content of glucose transporters (GLUTs) resulted in insulin resistance [ 1–3 ]. Current evidence has reported that retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is also one of the mechanisms involved in the incidents of diabetes [ 2 , 4–6 ].…”