The effect of electric field, magnetic field, and infrared ray combination to reduce HOMA-IR index and GLUT 4 in diabetic model of Mus musculus

The combined effect of magnetic and electric fields using on/off infrared light on the blood sugar level and the diameter of Langerhans islets of diabetic mice

“…Abnormalities in the mechanism of insulin secretion will reduce glucose intake by cells while rising blood sugar levels will result in a state of hyperglycemia. In agreement with previous study [1] using the same treatments, showed increased insulin sensitivity, decreased blood glucose levels, and the need for using a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In all treatment combinations in the current study, fasting blood glucose decreased significantly compared to the DC group, while insulin levels did not show any significant differences.…”

“…All treatment groups showed a significant reduction in HOMA-IR compared to the DC group. When insulin sensitivity was restored, higher levels of blood glucose could be absorbed into the skeletal muscle cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels and increase the diameter of Langerhans [1]. Significant changes in the histological structure of Langerhans islets are typical pathological features that are often found in DM patients and animal models [18].…”

“…Diabetes is typically treated with oral antidiabetic medicines, such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidine, as well as insulin injection [1,2]. However, these methods can cause hypoglycemia [3], weight gain [4], and digestive tract disorders [5].…”

“…Electric fields can have positive physical, cellular, and physiological effects on animals included in experiments. An electric field can induce changes in transmembrane potential and have a dilating effect on blood vessels by stimulating the release of endothelial-derived nitric oxide, which can give rise to the relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessel walls [1]. The dilation of blood vessels can increase the blood flow rate, which, in turn, will lead to a decrease in blood viscosity [7,8].…”

An in-vivo study of photobiomodulation using 403 nm and 649 nm diode lasers for molar tooth extraction wound healing in wistar rats

“…PBM and APDT are alternative therapies utilizing light sources such as laser which activates cell regeneration [18], light-emitting diode (LED) for antimicrobial [19], and broadband light in the visible and infrared spectrum with low power and energy density less than 50 J/cm 2 [20]. This non-thermal therapy uses chromophore as a natural photosensitizing agent in photophysical and photochemical processes at various biological scales [21,22].…”