Cationic polymerization of waste palm cooking oil under microwave irradiation

Mas’ud, Zainal Alim; Farid, Muhamad; Herlambang, Surya; Soegijono, Bambang

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/509/1/012083

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Some of the double bonds in irradiated waste palm cooking oil were identified by the presence of a hypochromic shift in the UV-Vis spectra. This shift occurred due to the lessening amount of chromophore group (C=C) in the triglycerides [24]. The study showed that fish oil products contained oxidized EPA and DHA that would be harmful to human health.…”

Section: Oleo-chemicals Indexmentioning

confidence: 95%

Production of omega-3 concentrate from lemuru fish (Sardinella longiceps) oil by two-step urea complexation

Kosasih

Rosmalina

Tanuwidjaja³

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Lemuru fish (Sardinella longiceps) oil is a by-product containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that is important for the prevention of several diseases. For daily intake, saturated fatty acids should be removed from fish oil to obtain PUFA concentrates. Various methods have been observed in producing omega-3 concentrates. The objective of this study was to produce the omega-3 concentrate from lemuru fish oil using a two-step urea complexation method and to characterize the omega-3 product. Lemuru fish oil was saponified and purified to produce fatty acids and urea was added to the fatty acids to obtain crystal complexes. In this study, crystallization was carried out at -20 °C for 24 h with an oil-urea ratio of 1:0.625, 1:1.25, and 1:2.5. The results showed that the highest content of omega-3 (ALA, DHA, EPA) was reached at a ratio of fish oil-urea of 1:0.625. Based on the FTIR spectrum analysis, omega-3 concentrate contained the specific spectrum indicated by HC=CH trans, -C=O (ester), and -C-O (acid) groups. UV-Vis spectra analysis showed that light exposure affected the stability of omega-3 concentrate, as is evident by the hypsochromic shift of the resulting spectrum.

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Section: Oleo-chemicals Indexmentioning

confidence: 95%

Production of omega-3 concentrate from lemuru fish (Sardinella longiceps) oil by two-step urea complexation

Kosasih

Rosmalina

Tanuwidjaja³

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Moreover, Mas'ud et al reported on the direct polymerization of double bonds from the unsaturated fatty acids in palm oil triglycerides without any triglyceride modification. 167 Palm oil-based polymer was prepared by cationic polymerization of waste-used cooking palm oil using boron trifluoride-etherate as a catalyst under microwave irradiation methods with various power settings and reaction times. Polymerization was considered complete by treating the reaction mixture under 600 or 800 watts for 5 minutes of microwave irradiation since a solid product was formed.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in synthesis of polymers based on palm oil and its fatty acids

Stavila¹,

Yuliati²,

Adharis

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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“…The need for initiators and catalysts together with low conversion of palm oil into polymeric structure were the main limitations of these polymerization processes. 14–16 Inverse vulcanization is a recently developed technique that is proven to be very effective and economical to produce sulfur-based polymers using petro-based or bio-based monomers including vegetable oils. 7,17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Palm oil, in particular, has already been investigated in the production of polymers in a number of reports. 13 Mas'ud et al 14 studied the polymerization of waste palm cooking oil employing cationic polymerization under microwave irradiation using a trifluoride-etherate catalyst. Also, the polymerization of 2-(vinyloxy) ethanol with palm oil using the base-catalyzed transesterification is reported by Kalita et al 15 In another report, Tajau et al 16 investigated the usage of palm oil in the production of epoxidized palm olein and diol as a novel polymeric precursor for drug delivery purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for initiators and catalysts together with low conversion of palm oil into polymeric structure were the main limitations of these polymerization processes. [14][15][16] Inverse vulcanization is a recently developed technique that is proven to be very effective and economical to produce sulfur-based polymers using petro-based or bio-based monomers including vegetable oils. 7,17 Nowadays, sulfur, with an annual production of almost 70 million tons, mostly comes as a byproduct of natural gas and petroleum refineries making it a very cheap and readily available material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Copolymerization of palm oil with sulfur using inverse vulcanization to boost the palm oil industry

Abbasi

Yahya

Nasef

et al. 2021

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Nowadays, most of the world’s palm oil is being produced in Malaysia and Indonesia; however, the demand for this vegetable oil as an edible oil is declining in many countries since consuming palm oil in excess can result in serious health problems. Consequently, finding new applications such as the production of bio-based polymers to make use of this cheap and abundant vegetable oil seems necessary. Herein, we report the copolymerization of palm oil with sulfur with different feed ratios via inverse vulcanization. The copolymers are then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results confirmed the formation of the polymers and their stability against depolymerization. Altogether, the obtained sulfur-palm oil copolymers showed great properties such as thermal stability up to 230°C under a nitrogen atmosphere and rubbery properties at room temperature. Although the Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) thermograms had previously confirmed the high conversion of elemental sulfur into the polymeric structure by comparing the initial sulfur content and the final polysulfide content in the polymer, some unreacted elemental sulfur was also observed in the final product. Sulfur-palm oil (S-Palm oil) is a new green polymer that helps to find a new use for palm oil as a big industry as well as sulfur which is underutilized and left in stockpile as a byproduct in gas and petroleum refineries.

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Cationic polymerization of waste palm cooking oil under microwave irradiation

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Production of omega-3 concentrate from lemuru fish (Sardinella longiceps) oil by two-step urea complexation

Production of omega-3 concentrate from lemuru fish (Sardinella longiceps) oil by two-step urea complexation

Recent advances in synthesis of polymers based on palm oil and its fatty acids

Copolymerization of palm oil with sulfur using inverse vulcanization to boost the palm oil industry

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