A multi-isotopic study of several components of milk has been carried out on commercial samples and on milk produced in feeding experiments involving different kinds of diets originating from C(3) or C(4) photosynthetic metabolisms and exhibiting a relatively wide range of isotope ratios. The dispersion of the carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen isotope parameters of dried matter and of the lactose, protein, and lipid components has been estimated. In addition, the carbohydrates were represented by the site specific isotope ratios (SNIF-NMR) of ethanol resulting from standardized fermentation of lactose. The rates of response of the isotopic parameters to changes in the feeding materials is slower for the minor components, proteins, and lipids than for lactose and ethanol. For similar diets, the nonexchangeable sites of lactose and the methyl site of ethanol, in particular, are relatively enriched in deuterium in the case of polygastric animals, cow, goat, and ewe, as compared to the monogastric species, sow and mare, and woman. From an analytical point of view, the carbon and hydrogen parameters of ethanol provide efficient criteria for identifying a whey origin with respect to other agricultural and fossil sources.

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16,67; 26,54; dan 16,11 jam.

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Carbon foam from fine coal and phenolic resin mixture had been prepared by heating in nitrogen atmosphere. The composition of fine coal in a mixture was 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50%. Physical

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Purpose Improving the nutritional value of rice straw by microbial inoculants and some physical treatments for animal feeding during dry seasons. Methods Different microbial inoculants and some physical treatments were used to improve the nutritional value of rice straw. Rice straw was divided into moist straw, soaked straw for 24 h without pasteurization and soaked for 24 h and pasteurized at 100 °C/1 h, and all of them were inoculated with different microbial inoculants. Results Moistened rice straw inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae recorded the highest significant reduction in organic matter percent, 74.21%. The highest significant reductions in crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber percent were recorded in moistened rice straw inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and Saccharomyces cerevisiae which gave 27.54, 55.39 and 42.47%, respectively. The highest significant increase in crude protein percent, 13.71%, was recorded in rice straw soaked for 24 h and inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus megaterium. The combined interaction between microbial treatments and physical pretreatments of rice straw gave a significant decrease in organic matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber %, as well as a significant increase in crude protein % compared to control. Addition of nitrogen fixers to rice straw improved its nitrogen contents. Conclusions This study showed the possibility of improving the nutritional value of rice straw using microbial inoculants and some physical treatments to produce safe and cheap animal feeds.