Categorization of the main descriptors of different ampicillin crystal habits

Abstract

With the purpose of enabling the analysis by digital methods of particles of multisource pharmaceutical raw materials, this study analyzed different crystal habits of ampicillin particles, by grouping the external shapes obtained from 3 different solvents (acetonitrile, ethanol, and methanol), thereby reducing the number of descriptors necessary to adequately represent each shape. For this purpose, a selection of morphological descriptors was used including: circularity, roughness, roundness, compactness, aspect ratio, effective diameter, solidity, convexity, fractal dimension, and 10 Complex Fourier descriptors. These measures cover highly diverse morphological properties and define the crystal habit of a particle. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Cluster Analysis (CA) were the grouping techniques used, which demonstrated the possibility of using between 2 and 4 descriptors instead of the 18 proposed initially. Com o objetivo de possibilitar a análise, por meio de métodos digitais, de partículas de matérias-primas farmacêuticas de múltiplas fontes, analisaram-se diferentes cristais de partículas de ampicilina através do agrupamento de formas externas obtidas de três diferentes solventes (acetonitrila, etanol e metanol), reduzindo, desse modo, o número de descritores necessários para representar adequadamente cada forma. Com esse propósito, utilizou-se seleção de descritores morfológicos, incluindo: circularidade, aspereza, arredondamento, compactação, relação de aspecto, diâmetro efetivo, solidez, convectividade, dimensão fractal e 10 descritores complexos de Fourier. Essas medidas cobrem diversas propriedades morfológicas e definem a cristalinidade de uma partícula. As análises do componente principal (PCA) e por grupamento (CA) foram as técnicas de agrupamento utilizadas, que demonstraram a possibilidade de utilizar entre 2 e 4 descritores ao invés dos 18, inicialmente propostos.

The effect of introducing antibiotics into organic light-emitting diodes

“…Occasionally, a large fluctuation in 40% ampicillin-PEDOT:PSS devices efficiency was observed (shown as standard deviation in Fig. 5b-d) and on investigation the reason was found to be the absence/presence of long rod-like ampicillin crystals 60,61 ( Supplementary Fig. 11) in the spin coated 40% ampicillin-PEDOT:PSS layer.…”

“…11) in the spin coated 40% ampicillin-PEDOT:PSS layer. As the ampicillin crystal formation could be supported by instability of various factors such as temperature 60 and pH 61 , the temperature was kept constant during the preparation of ampicillin solution. However, as the pH of 40% ampicillin-PEDOT:PSS solution was around the same as reported crystal formation region (pH 7.8~6) 61 , the observed infrequent crystallization ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Drag constants for common indoor bioaerosols

“…principal component analysis (PCA), clustering, and Fourier analysis). 8 It has been reported that there are different image analysis programs that have marked influences on the shape factor values obtained. 9 Igathinathane et al.…”

“…principal component analysis (PCA), clustering, and Fourier analysis). 8 It has been reported that there are different image analysis programs that have marked influences on the shape factor values obtained. 9 Igathinathane et al developed a plugin software component known as ImageJ, which extracts the dimensions from a digital image of disjoint particles after identifying their shapes and determines the particle size distribution.…”

Screening de metalofármacos derivados de N-heterociclos y metales de transición en cultivos celulares 2D y 3D según sus efectos antitumorales

“…Tales imágenes fueron caracterizadas morfológicamente a través del programa ImageJ®, lo cual permitió calcular descriptores de forma clásicos como el perímetro (contorno de la forma), el área (el número de pixeles ocupados por la forma), la circularidad (se relaciona que tanto se asemeja la figura estudiada a una esfera, entre más cercano a uno sea dicho valor mayor será la semejanza a una esfera), el diámetro de Feret (se define como el valor medio de la distancia entre dos líneas paralelas tangenciales al perímetro), redondez (se puede correlacionar con la presencia o ausencia de irregularidades, a mayores valores más regular o menos angular será la figura), relación de aspecto (se determina al dividir la distancia del lado más largo de la figura entre el más corto: si el valor de este cociente es cercano a la unidad se puede inferir que la figura evaluada tendrá una forma redondeada). Dichos estudios morfológicos en imágenes han sido ampliamente estudiados por [252,253]. 4.17.…”