This paper presents an alternative constraint handling approach within a specialized 11 genetic algorithm (SGA) for the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. The ORPD is 12 formulated as a nonlinear single-objective optimization problem aiming to minimize power losses
With the purpose of enabling the analysis by digital methods of particles of multisource pharmaceutical raw materials, this study analyzed different crystal habits of ampicillin particles, by grouping the external shapes obtained from 3 different solvents (acetonitrile, ethanol, and methanol), thereby reducing the number of descriptors necessary to adequately represent each shape. For this purpose, a selection of morphological descriptors was used including: circularity, roughness, roundness, compactness, aspect ratio, effective diameter, solidity, convexity, fractal dimension, and 10 Complex Fourier descriptors. These measures cover highly diverse morphological properties and define the crystal habit of a particle. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Cluster Analysis (CA) were the grouping techniques used, which demonstrated the possibility of using between 2 and 4 descriptors instead of the 18 proposed initially. Com o objetivo de possibilitar a análise, por meio de métodos digitais, de partículas de matérias-primas farmacêuticas de múltiplas fontes, analisaram-se diferentes cristais de partículas de ampicilina através do agrupamento de formas externas obtidas de três diferentes solventes (acetonitrila, etanol e metanol), reduzindo, desse modo, o número de descritores necessários para representar adequadamente cada forma. Com esse propósito, utilizou-se seleção de descritores morfológicos, incluindo: circularidade, aspereza, arredondamento, compactação, relação de aspecto, diâmetro efetivo, solidez, convectividade, dimensão fractal e 10 descritores complexos de Fourier. Essas medidas cobrem diversas propriedades morfológicas e definem a cristalinidade de uma partícula. As análises do componente principal (PCA) e por grupamento (CA) foram as técnicas de agrupamento utilizadas, que demonstraram a possibilidade de utilizar entre 2 e 4 descritores ao invés dos 18, inicialmente propostos.
This paper deals with circuit breakers (CBs) used in direct current microgrids (DCMGs) for protection against electrical faults, focusing on their evolution and future challenges in low voltage (<1.5 kV) and medium voltage (between 1.5 kV and 20 kV). In recent years, proposals for new circuit-breaker features have grown. Therefore, a review on the evolution of circuit breakers for DCMGs is of utmost importance. In general terms, this paper presents a review concerning the evolution of circuit breakers used in DCMGs, focusing on fuses, mechanical circuit breakers (MCBs), solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs), and hybrid circuit breakers (HCBs). Their evolution is presented highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each device. It was found that although modern circuit breakers have begun to be commercially available, many of them are still under development; consequently, some traditional fuses and MCBs are still common in DCMGs, but under certain restrictions or limitations. Future challenges that would allow a successful and adequate implementation of circuit breakers in DCMGs are also presented.
Despite the wide variety of studies and research on mobile robot systems, performance metrics are not an objective comparison of achievements. In this paper, the navigation of an autonomous mobile These metrics, collectively, provide an indication of navigation quality, useful for comparing and analyzing navigation algorithms of mobile robots. This method is suggested as an educational tool, which allows the student to optimize the algorithms quality, relating to important aspects of science, technology and engineering teaching, as energy consumption, optimization and design. Keywords: Educational robotics, Mobile robots, ResumenA pesar de la amplia variedad de estudios e inves tigaciones sobre los sistemas de robots móviles, a objetiva de los logros. En este trabajo se evalúa la un indicador de la calidad de la navegación, útil para comparar y analizar los algoritmos de nave como una herramienta educativa que permite al estudiante optimizar la calidad de los algoritmos, relacionando aspectos importantes de la ciencia, la tecnología y la enseñanza de la ingeniería, como el consumo de energía, la optimización y el diseño. Palabras clave: Robótica Educativa, Robots MóRendimiento.
Desde el 6 de marzo del 2020, cuando se confirmó el primer caso de Covid19 en Colombia, se inició un proceso de alerta de salud pública que una semana después anunciara el cierre de la universidad de Antioquia y otras instituciones educativas y posteriormente las medidas de enclaustramiento general en el país. Esto generó un cambio intempestivo de nuestra rutina diaria y de los procesos de Enseñanza-aprendizaje en nuestra facultad que tuvo que responder a este desafío de dar continuidad a sus actividades con esta nueva restricción. Transcurridos casi 2 años y con la experiencia de haber afrontado esta situación coyuntural, nos hemos cuestionado sobre los diferentes impactos que ha tenido esta situación en el proceso de enseñanza-Aprendizaje en los programas de la facultad de ingeniería para sistematizar los resultados y dejar un aprendizaje institucional que puede aportar a la educación. Se hace así una exploración bibliográfica sobre este tema a nivel internacional y se plantea una metodología de investigación en dos fases, una primera con encuestas de preguntas abiertas a los profesores de la facultad para clasificar los diferentes impactos positivo y negativos, y una segunda fase con cuestionario cerrado para cuantificar los resultados. Se presentarán los resultados de las encuestas y las discusiones y conclusiones que se puedan tener hasta el momento.
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