Carotenoids of human colostrum

Patton, Stuart; Canfield, Louise M.; Huston, Gail E.; Ferris, Ann M.; Jensen, Robert G.

doi:10.1007/bf02544331

Cited by 72 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The same was true for the observed decrease in all components with the progress of lactation. Such a decrease has not only been reported for humans [19] but is known for many other mammalian species such as cows, horses and grey seals [4,5,20]. Similar to the results obtained in this study with humans, in cattle the concentration of vitamin A, ·-tocopherol and ß-carotene in mature milk of cattle 6 weeks after parturition represents only 20, 32 and 6% of the respective concentration in colostrum [4].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Changes in the Concentration of Carotenoids, Vitamin A, Alpha-Tocopherol and Total Lipids in Human Milk throughout Early Lactation

Macías

Schweigert²

2001

Ann Nutr Metab

147

105

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Background: In mammals the composition of milk changes during early lactation showing a rapid decline in fat-soluble vitamins and a continuous increase in total lipids. Changes in the concentrations of carotenoids, vitamin A, α-tocopherol and total lipids in human milk (colostrum, transitory and mature milk) were studied to understand this not well characterised phenomenon. Methods: Colostrum, transitory and mature milk was collected from 21 women and analysed for carotenoids, vitamin A and α-tocopherol by HPLC. Results: Total lipids increased from the lowest levels in colostrum (1.5 ± 1.6 mg/ml) to the highest in transitory milk (3.6 ± 2.5 mg/ml, p < 0.01). Contrary to this, levels of total carotenoids (236.7 ± 121.9 ng/ml), vitamin A (1.02 ± 0.56 µg/ml) and α-tocopherol (11.8 ± 6.3 µg/ml) were highest in colostrum and declined significantly during the first weeks of lactation (63.2 ± 23.3 ng/ml, 0.33 ± 0.14 µg/ml, 2.7 ± 1.1 µg/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The magnitude of decrease was not the same for all carotenoids and was dependent on the polarity of the carotenoid with the smallest decrease in the polar carotenoids. This might be due to differences in the distribution of carotenoids among plasma lipoproteins and might point to possible selective mechanisms being involved in the transfer of these components in early human milk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Changes in the Concentration of Carotenoids, Vitamin A, Alpha-Tocopherol and Total Lipids in Human Milk throughout Early Lactation

Macías

Schweigert²

2001

Ann Nutr Metab

147

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…After subjects gave birth the study continued. The composition of subjects' (now lactating mothers) milk was analysed at days 13-14 (transitional milk) and 40 (mature milk) (Patton et al 1990). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascorbic acid levels in maternal milk: differences with respect to ascorbic acid status during the third trimester of pregnancy

et al. 1998

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The aim of the present investigation was to study the relationship between ascorbic acid status during the third trimester of pregnancy and levels of this vitamin in transition milk (days 13-14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). To this end, the pregnancies and lactation periods of fifty-seven healthy women between 18 and 35 years of age (27 (SD 3.7) years) were monitored. Vitamin intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over 5d, and by registering the quantities provided by dietary supplements. Ascorbic acid levels in maternal serum during this stage of pregnancy, and in transition and mature milk samples, were determined by spectrophotometry. Those subjects with ascorbic acid intakes below that recommended (80 mg/d) (group L) showed lower consumption of fruit and vegetables than did those with greater intakes (group H). The consumption of ascorbic acid supplements was very low, and was only seen in three group H subjects. The difference in ascorbic acid intake was reflected at serum level. Group L subjects showed significantly lower serum values than did group H subjects (30.1 (SD 36.3) pmol/l compared with 101

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“…The composition of subjects' (now lactating mothers) milk was analysed at days 13 and 14 (transition milk) and 40 (mature milk) (Institute of Medicine, 1991;Patton et al, 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc levels in maternal milk: the influence of nutritional status with respect to zinc during the third trimester of pregnancy

et al. 1997

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Objective: To study the relationship between nutritional status with respect to zinc during the third trimester of pregnancy and levels of the same mineral in transition milk (days 13 and 14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). Design: Longitudinal study. Subjects: A group of 57 healthy, lactating mothers aged between 18 and 35 y (27 AE 3.7) whose pregnancy and labour were attended by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Cuenca INSALUD Hospital, Spain. Interventions: Zinc intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over a ®ve day period and by registering zinc provided by dietary supplements. Zinc levels in maternal serum during this stage of pregnancy, and in transition and mature milk, were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: During pregnancy all subjects showed zinc intakes lower than those recommended. Only one pregnant subject took a supplement that provided extra zinc (1 mgad). Subjects with an intake of lower than 50% of that recommended (L) (43.9%) showed signi®cantly lower serum and mature milk zinc levels than did those with higher intakes (H) (56.1%) [12.0 AE 1.5 mmolaL and 28.7 AE 6.2 mmolaL compared to 13.3 AE 2.6 mmolaL and 33.1 AE 8.0 mmolaL respectively]. 56% of L subjects and 28.6% of H subjects showed serum zinc levels of less than 12.2 mmolaL. 8% of L subjects and no H subjects showed less than 11.5 mmolaL of zinc in maternal milk. Conclusions: The diet conditions maternal serum zinc levels during pregnancy and those of milk during lactation. Though all subjects showed intakes clearly below those recommended, low levels in serum or milk were much rarer. These results support the idea that there is a need to reset the limits of normality for serum and milk zinc levels. Further work in this area may con®rm that the present recommended intakes of zinc be modi®ed. Sponsporship: This work was supported by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social (FISss).

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Carotenoids of human colostrum

Cited by 72 publications

References 20 publications

Changes in the Concentration of Carotenoids, Vitamin A, Alpha-Tocopherol and Total Lipids in Human Milk throughout Early Lactation

Changes in the Concentration of Carotenoids, Vitamin A, Alpha-Tocopherol and Total Lipids in Human Milk throughout Early Lactation

Ascorbic acid levels in maternal milk: differences with respect to ascorbic acid status during the third trimester of pregnancy

Zinc levels in maternal milk: the influence of nutritional status with respect to zinc during the third trimester of pregnancy

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