Care and Exploitation of Nonhuman Primate Infants by Conspecifics Other Than the Mother

Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer

doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60083-2

Cited by 295 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Infant handling is broadly defined as non-maternal manipulation of an infant by individuals other than the infant's mother and may include different positive, neutral and also negative interactions between the infant and its non-maternal caretaker irrespective of the caretakers' sex and age class (Hrdy 1976;Paul et al 2000;Hrdy 2007). Infant handling is found across different taxa (see Riedman 1982 for a review; Clutton-Brock 2006) with pronounced interspecific variation in intensity and type of interactions (Whitten 1987;Woodroffe and Vincent 1994;Hrdy 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

et al. 2016

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Social knowledge beyond one's direct relationships is a key to successful maneuvering of the social world. Individuals gather information on the quality of social relationships between their group companions, which has been termed triadic awareness. Evidence of the use of triadic awareness in natural contexts is limited mainly to conflict management. Here we investigated triadic awareness in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the context of bridging interactions defined as male-infant-male interactions whereby a male (actor) presents an infant to another male (receiver) in order to initiate an affiliative interaction with that male. Analyses based on 1,263 hours of focal observations on ten infants of one wild social group in Morocco supported the hypothesis that males use their knowledge of the relationship between infants and other adult males when choosing a male as a partner for bridging interactions. Specifically, (i) the number of bridging interactions among initiator-infant-receiver triads was affected by the strength of the infant-receiver relationship and (ii) when two males were available as bridging partners, a male was more likely to be chosen as the receiver the stronger his social relationship with the infant in comparison to the other available male was. This demonstrates that non-human primates establish triadic awareness also of temporarily rather dynamic infant-male relationships and use it in naturally occurring affiliative context. Our results contribute to the discussion about the mechanism underlying the acquisition of triadic awareness and the benefits of its usage and lend support to hypotheses linking social complexity to the evolution of complex cognition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

et al. 2016

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“…In many primate species, individuals are attracted to young and mothers with dependent young seem to be more attractive social partners (Hrdy, 1976;Silk, 1999), and, at least among humans, there are direct links between social support and both psychological and physical welfare (Thoits, 2011;Uchino et al, 1996). Group-level cohesion and individual differences in social integration could be assessed through social network analysis within and between primate groups (e.g., Cronin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the relationship between welfare and rearing young in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Cronin

West

Ross

2016

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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a b s t r a c tWhether the opportunity to breed and rear young improves the welfare of captive animals is currently debated. However, there is very little empirical data available to evaluate this relationship and this study is a first attempt to contribute objective data to this debate. We utilized the existing variation in the reproductive experiences of sanctuary chimpanzees at Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage Trust in Zambia to investigate whether breeding and rearing young was associated with improved welfare for adult females (N = 43). We considered several behavioural welfare indicators, including rates of luxury behaviours and abnormal or stress-related behaviours under normal conditions and conditions inducing social stress. Furthermore, we investigated whether spending time with young was associated with good or poor welfare for adult females, regardless of their kin relationship. We used generalized linear mixed models and found no difference between adult females with and without dependent young on any welfare indices, nor did we find that time spent in proximity to unrelated young predicted welfare (all fullnull model comparisons likelihood ratio tests P > 0.05). However, we did find that coprophagy was more prevalent among mother-reared than non-mother-reared individuals, in line with recent work suggesting this behaviour may have a different etiology than other behaviours often considered to be abnormal. In sum, the findings from this initial study lend support to the hypothesis that the opportunity to breed and rear young does not provide a welfare benefit for chimpanzees in captivity. We hope this investigation provides a valuable starting point for empirical study into the welfare implications of managed breeding.

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“…In many species of primates the adults exhibit some interest in immature animals which can contribute to the survival of the species since orphans or very young animals rejected by parents can be adopted by adults of their social group (Hrdy, 1976;Quiatt, 1979;McKenna, 1979;Riedman, 1982). Some previous studies have shown that adoption can occur in primates (Hamilton et al, 1982;Thiery & Anderson, 1986;Blersh & Schmidt, 1992;Ellsworth & Andersen, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature reveals that adults can exhibit several types of alloparental behavior toward infants (Hrdy, 1976;Riedman, 1982). In fact, mothers have few infants during their life, they mate very late, the gestation period is very long and the costs of rearing infants are very high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-fostering between two species of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata)

1998

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Cross-fostering technique can be defined as adoption of infants by adults of other species. This phenomenon is poorly investigated because very young animals have few opportunities to interact peacefully with non-conspecific adults, either in captivity or in natural conditions. This study describes the induction of cross-fostering in captivity between white tufted-ear (Callithrix jacchus) and black tuftedear marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). We conclude that this technique can be very useful for preserving the life of rejected by parents or orphan infants, mainly in the case of species with low reproduction rate in captivity or those threatened by extinction, as well for investigating the environmental effects on the typical behavior of species (courtship, food preference, vocalization patterns, e.g.).

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Care and Exploitation of Nonhuman Primate Infants by Conspecifics Other Than the Mother

Cited by 295 publications

References 95 publications

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

Investigating the relationship between welfare and rearing young in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Cross-fostering between two species of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata)

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