No abstract

Feedback processing is important for learning and therefore may affect the consolidation of skills. Considerable research demonstrates electrophysiological differences between correct and incorrect feedback, but how we learn from small versus large errors is usually overlooked. This study investigated electrophysiological differences when processing small or large error feedback during a time estimation task. Data from high-learners and low-learners were analyzed separately. In both high- and low-learners, large error feedback was associated with higher feedback-related negativity (FRN) and small error feedback was associated with a larger P300 and increased amplitude over the motor related areas of the left hemisphere. In addition, small error feedback induced larger desynchronization in the alpha and beta bands with distinctly different topographies between the two learning groups: The high-learners showed a more localized decrease in beta power over the left frontocentral areas, and the low-learners showed a widespread reduction in the alpha power following small error feedback. Furthermore, only the high-learners showed an increase in phase synchronization between the midfrontal and left central areas. Importantly, this synchronization was correlated to how well the participants consolidated the estimation of the time interval. Thus, although large errors were associated with higher FRN, small errors were associated with larger oscillatory responses, which was more evident in the high-learners. Altogether, our results suggest an important role of the motor areas in the processing of error feedback for skill consolidation.

Our results indicate that proper ultra-short-term recording method can provide a quick and reliable source of cardiac autonomic nervous system assessment.

Emilio Takase 2Valdir Castr0 3 RESUMO . São estudadas as aves mortas por atropelamento em trecho da Rodovia BR-471, entre Quinta e Taim , Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com discussões taxonômicas e dados sobre conteúdo estomacal e taxas de mortalidade . Propõe-se uma pOlítica conservaclOnista para reduzir a mortandade de aves nas rodovias brasileiras .ABSTRACT. Blrds kllled by collision wlth vehicles at Hy BR-471, between Quinta and Talm, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are studied, with taxonomic dlscussions and data on stomach contents and death rates. A conservalional pollcy to reduce blrd mortality along Brazilian highways is proposed. INTRODUÇÃOColisões de aves com estruturas feitas pelo homem, tais como prédios altos ou veículos em movimento como automóveis e aviões tem constltuido um perigo para as aves por um longo tempo . Em um estudo preliminar feito no trecho da rodovia BR-471, entre os distritos da Quinta e o Taim no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, verificamos um elevado número de aves mortas , devido a colisões com veículos que ali trafegam em alta velocidade. Desenvolvemos então este trabalho pretend endo mostrar os efeitos danosos causados pelos veículos automotores e avifauna da região, procurando desenvolver um estudo protecionlsta a partir dos dados obtidos .• Parcialmente linanciado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientrfico e Tecnoló-gico (CNPq/MCT). através da Supe r intendência de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação (SUPPOG) da Universidade do Rio Grande .

We assess the psychophysiological characteristics underlying the disposition effect and find that subjects showing greater disposition effect are those who sweat more and present lower body temperature and heart rate.