Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Portuguese Obese Children and Adolescents: Impact of Small Reductions in Body Mass Index Imposed by Lifestyle Modifications

Nascimento, Henrique; Costa, Elı́sio; Rocha‐Pereira, Petronila; Rêgo, Carla; Mansilha, Helena Ferreira; Quintanilha, Alexandre; Santos-Silva, Alice; Belo, Luı́s

doi:10.2174/1874091x01206010043

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this case, positive correlation between u-CRP levels in overweight and obese children and adolescents was also observed. The difference of the correlation observed for markers investigated in his study differ from studies conducted by Cordero et al (2011) [22] and Nascimento et al (2012) [15], which showed a significant correlation for both variables. As for u-CRP, the ascending correlation with BMI was similar to results shown by Nascimento et al (2012) [15].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

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Lipoprotein (a) and Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein in Overweight Adolescents

Alves¹,

Farias²,

Costa³

et al. 2014

Health

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2350= 0.273, p < 0.01) of u-CRP with BMI, which was not verified for lipoprotein (a). Conclusion: As a cardiovascular risk marker already established in literature, the association of u-CRP with the nutritional status of adolescents, proportionally, shows the need for losing weight in this population, especially at early age. A deeper and long-term investigation should be carried out for more effective and consistent contribution to public health.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…Similar to the findings of Nascimento et al (2012) [15], who in a cross-sectional study found a 54.7% female with mean age 11 years; of the 133 patients evaluated in this study, there were more girls (60.9%) and adolescent age group (72.2%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Lipoprotein (a) and Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein in Overweight Adolescents

Alves¹,

Farias²,

Costa³

et al. 2014

Health

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“…In children, adiponectin decreases with aging (6); therefore, a small reduction of BMIzsc (0.2), might not be enough to raise the TA levels, but it seems to be enough to slow the process as age-related adiponectin reduction seems to be accelerated in obese individuals. Moreover, previous data from our group demonstrated that small reductions in BMIzsc are associated with significant improvements in lipid profile and IR, markers of MS inversely related to adiponectin levels (25).…”

Section: Exercise Adiponectin and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…TC, TG, HDLc, glucose, insulin, and CRP were measured using automated technology, as described elsewhere (25). LDLc and VLDLc were calculated using Friedewald formula (29).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiponectin and markers of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents: impact of 8-mo regular physical exercise program

et al. 2014

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Background: Adiponectin circulates as low-, medium-, and high-molecular-weight multimers (LMW, MMW, and HMW) and influences lipid profile and insulin resistance (IR), HMW being considered as the most biologically active form. We aimed to study the relation between adiponectin and markers of metabolic syndrome (MS) in pediatric obesity, and the impact of physical exercise. Methods:The study consisted of a cross-sectional part and an 8-mo physical exercise program. Lipid profile, insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), total adiponectin (TA), and homeostasis model assessment IR (HOMA-IR) were measured. Adiponectin multimers were studied in a prepubertal group. results: Obesity is associated with increased dyslipidemia, IR, and inflammation. TA is correlated inversely with adiposity, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and CRP, and positively with highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc)/total cholesterol (TC) ratio. HMW mimicked TA associations. The intervention program led to a reduction of TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), insulin, HOMA-IR, and trunk percentage of fat, and an increase of HDLc/TC ratio, in the obese group. BMI improvements prevented adiponectin reduction and correlated with increments in HMW and MMW. conclusion: Obesity-related increase in MS features might be linked to lower adiponectin. HMW and MMW were the multimers that most explained the MS features. The intervention program improved the lipid profile and IR, and prevented the reduction of adiponectin. a diponectin is mainly secreted by adipocytes in humans (1,2), but total adiponectin (TA) levels are paradoxically lower in obese children, and even lower in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS) (3,4).Adiponectin improves lipid metabolism by lowering the synthesis of free fatty acid and stimulating β-oxidation (5).Furthermore, it is inversely related with triglyceride (TG) levels and positively related with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) concentration. A study from our group showed that adiponectin modulates the effect of apo E genotype on lipid profile (6). Adiponectin also presents an anti-inflammatory action, e.g., it inhibits proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion by macrophages. This activity might have an important role in insulin resistance (IR), as TNF-α inhibits insulin signaling (7,8), while adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity (9).In pediatric ages, adiponectin levels correlate negatively with age (6). The difference between genders is well established, with women presenting with higher adiponectin concentrations (6,10). Sexual hormones might underlie sex-related changes as before puberty; no differences are found between genders (11).The body fat distribution influences adiponectin levels, with abdominal obesity associated with lower concentrations (4,12). The association between central adiposity and reduced adiponectin was seen with visceral fat accumulation in children (13) and adults (14).Adiponectin circulates as three complexes: trimers, hexamers (two trimers), and larger...

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“…Regarding the articles with longitudinal design, it was found that of 14 selected articles, 11 showed effect (decrease or increase) in cardiometabolic markers [18][19][20][21][22][25][26][27] PA intervention programs period ranged from seven weeks 9 to one year 28 . (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Physical Activity on Cardiometabolic Markers in Adolescents: Systematic Review

Miranda

Amorim

Oliveira

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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The accumulation of body fat is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Obesity can be considered a chronic systemic inflammatory disease in adults and younger people. The control of subclinical inflammation process through the practice of physical activity (PA) can mitigate the effects of risk factors that trigger atherosclerosis that worsens with advancing age. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the influence of physical activity and/or exercise on cardiometabolic markers and othrer risk factors of cardiovascular disease in adolescents. A systematic review was conducted in electronic databases Scopus, Pubmed, Conchrane Collection and SciELO. The terms used in the search were "cardiovascular diseases AND inflammation AND adolescents AND physical activity OR exercise". A total of 24 original articles were evaluated, being 14 longitudinal and 10 cross-sectional studies. Overall, 16 articles (66.66%) showed that PA, exercise and/or sedentary behavior may have influenced or have been related to the concentration of cardiometabolic markers. All studies that examined lifestyle changes showed reduction of cardiometabolic markers. Some limitations were observed: reduced samples, lack of dietary prescription, evaluation and control of volume and intensity of exercise. Most of the studies analyzed showed that the physical activity could influence and decrease the concentrations of cardiometabolic markers in adolescents. However, studies with representative sample size and precise control in assessing the level of physical activity and/or exercise are required to determine accurately the changes that the more active lifestyle can bring on inflammatory process, as well as other risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents.

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Portuguese Obese Children and Adolescents: Impact of Small Reductions in Body Mass Index Imposed by Lifestyle Modifications

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Lipoprotein (a) and Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein in Overweight Adolescents

Lipoprotein (a) and Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein in Overweight Adolescents

Adiponectin and markers of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents: impact of 8-mo regular physical exercise program

Effect of Physical Activity on Cardiometabolic Markers in Adolescents: Systematic Review

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