Carbon Nanodots as Peroxidase Nanozymes for Biosensing

Abstract

'Nanozymes', a term coined by Scrimin, Pasquato, and co-workers to describe nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics, represent an exciting and emerging research area in the field of artificial enzymes. Indubitably, the last decade has witnessed substantial advancements in the design of a variety of functional nanoscale materials, including metal oxides and carbon-based nanomaterials, which mimic the structures and functions of naturally occurring enzymes. Among these, carbon nanodots (C-dots) or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) offer huge potential due to their unique properties as compared to natural enzymes and/or classical artificial enzymes. In this mini review, we discuss the peroxidase-like catalytic activities of C-dots and their applications in biosensing. The scope intends to cover not only the C-dots but also graphene quantum dots (GQDs), doped C-dots/GQDs, carbon nitride dots, and C-dots/GQDs nanocomposites. Nevertheless, this mini review is designed to be illustrative, not comprehensive.

Carbon Nanozymes: Enzymatic Properties, Catalytic Mechanism, and Applications

“…[6][7][8] Up to now,m any synthetic compounds or materials that can recreate some function of enzymes have been designed and used in many different fields.Among them, some functional nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme activity are defined as nanozymes. [8,14,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] CNMs,i ncluding fullerenes,c arbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene,g raphene quantum dots (GQDs), and carbon quantum dots (CQDs), because of their excellent physical and chemical properties,have been regarded as rising stars in many active research fields,s uch as electronics,e nergy, catalysis,i maging,s ensing,a nd biomedicine. [8,14,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] CNMs,i ncluding fullerenes,c arbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene,g raphene quantum dots (GQDs), and carbon quantum dots (CQDs), because of their excellent physical and chemical properties,have been regarded as rising stars in many active research fields,s uch as electronics,e nergy, catalysis,i maging,s ensing,a nd biomedicine.…”

Low-Cost Nanocarbon-Based Peroxidases from Graphite and Carbon Fibers

“…In 2007, Gao et al provided the first evidence that inert ferromagnetic nanoparticles have intrinsic peroxidase-like activity [5]. So far, it has been reported over 50 kinds of nanomaterials, which possess intrinsic activity similar to enzymes, such as magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Compared with nanomaterials of metals and their oxides, carbon nanomaterials have the advantages of diverse sources, low cost and less toxic in vivo [8][9][10]. It is also known that carbon nanomaterials can be used as nanotemplates for being functionalized with a wide range of…”

Nanozyme applications in biology and medicine: an overview

“…Immune-assay is an application via MNPs that help to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin via magnetic nanoparticles [71]. It has performed due to functionalized antibody coated on magnetic nanoparticles captured the enterotoxin antigen from solution [72]. Then, bacterial toxin isolated via magnetic separation, and amplified the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [73].…”