Carbon Nanozymes: Enzymatic Properties, Catalytic Mechanism, and Applications

Abstract

Nanozymes have advantages over natural enzymes, such as facile production on large scale, long storage time, low costs, and high stability in harsh environments. Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots, and graphene quantum dots, have become a star family in materials science. As a new class of nanozymes, the catalytic activity of CNMs and their hybrids has been extensively reported. In this Minireview, recent progress of CNMs based artificial enzymes, focusing on those with peroxidase-like activity, has been summarized. The enzymatic properties, catalytic mechanisms, and novel applications of CNM nanozymes in sensing, therapy, and environmental engineering are discussed in detail. Additionally, we also highlight the remaining challenges and unsolved problems. With the fast development of bionanotechnology, the unique enzymatic properties and advantages of CNM nanozymes have received much attention and will continue to be an active and challenging field for the years to come.

Two‐Dimensional Materials for Antimicrobial Applications: Graphene Materials and Beyond

“…OH . Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), as zero‐dimensional derivatives of GMs, have similar peroxidase‐mimicking properties and consequently are used to induce the antibacterial activity of H 2 O 2 at low concentrations . It was revealed that ‐C=O groups are the catalytically active sites and O=C−O‐ groups are the substrate‐binding sites of GQDs, whereas the ‐C−OH groups can inhibit the antibacterial activity of the materials …”

Revealing the Intrinsic Peroxidase-Like Catalytic Mechanism of Heterogeneous Single-Atom Co–MoS2

“…The atomistic-level exploration of the original active sites of nanozymes is mainly performed by simplifying the singlecomponent catalysts of noble metal nanoparticles [8][9][10], transition metal oxides [11], and carbon-based materials [12,13]. The cascade reactions catalyzed by multiple enzymes in an organism provide great impetus for preparing composite catalysts by integrating different kinds of nanozymes to mimic the complexity of biocatalysis [14,15].…”

A Nanozyme with Photo‐Enhanced Dual Enzyme‐Like Activities for Deep Pancreatic Cancer Therapy

“…It was reported that the electron states of Pt could be significantly modulated by alloying with Fe. [27] Therefore,we used PtFea lloy NRs, [28] having less platinum than monometallic platinum but an improved activity for H 2 Figure 1a and the Supporting Information, Figure S1-a,b). Thel attice fringes with as pacing of 0.250 nm and 0.201 nm could be observed and ascribed to the (311) planes [29] of Fe 3 O 4 NPs and (111) planes of PtFeNRs,respectively,indicated by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM;F igure 1b).…”

“…Nanozymes are enzyme mimics with both the unique properties of nanomaterials and catalytic activities of natural enzymes.Inrecent years,they have been rapidly developed in biosensing, [1][2][3] antibacterial applications, [4,5] and immunoas-says [6] owing to their high stability,l ow cost, and easy preparation. [7,8] In particular, they have shown great promise in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated tumor therapy.…”