Caracterização física, físico-química e química de frutos de genótipos de cajazeiras

Abstract

Resumo -Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar frutos de genótipos de cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.) visando identificar materiais de interesse industrial e para trabalhos de melhoramento. Frutos de 30 genótipos foram caracterizados avaliando-se: pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), vitamina C, relação sólidos solúveis total/acidez total titulável, açúcares totais, rendimento industrial, massa total do fruto, massa da semente, massa da casca, massa da polpa e porcentual de rendimento de polpa. Os resultados (médias de três amostras) foram avaliados por estatística descritiva utilizando-se medida de tendência central (média) e de variabilidade de dados (desvio-padrão e coeficiente de variação). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas multivariadas, utilizando-se as técnicas de análise de agrupamento e análise de componentes principais. Os frutos que apresentaram melhores características para o processamento foram os provenientes dos genótipos AJ04UB, VS07UB, TF25TN, TF26TN, TF29TN, TF30TN e TF31TN. A análise de agrupamento mostrou a formação de quatro grupos de genótipos, o que demonstra a variabilidade genética existente na espécie.Termos para indexação: Spondias mombin, característica agronômica, variação genética, melhoramento de plantas. Physical, physico-chemical and chemical characterization of fruits of true yellow mombinAbstract -The objective of this work was to characterize fruits of true yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) genotypes to identify materials of industrial interest and for breeding works. Fruits of 30 genotypes were characterized by evaluation of pH, total soluble solid (TSS), titratable total acidity (TTA), vitamin C, TSS/TTA rate, total sugars, industrial income, total fruit mass, seed mass, rind mass, pulp mass, and percentage of pulp income. The results (average of three samples) were evaluated by descriptive statistics using central trend (average) and variability of data (standard error and coefficient of variation). Multivaried statistical analyses were carried out, by means of grouping and main components techniques. Fruits from the genotypes AJ04UB, VS07UB, TF25TN, TF26TN, TF29TN, TF30TN and TF31TN presented the best features for processing. Grouping analysis showed formation of four genotypes groups showing the existence of genetic variability in the species.Index terms: Spondias mombin, plant characters, genetic variation, plant breeding.(1) Aceito para publicação em 30 IntroduçãoA cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.), planta da famí-lia das Anacardiáceas (Lorenzi, 1992), tem como centro de origem a América Tropical e encontra-se amplamente disseminada no Brasil. Na Amazônia, é vulgarmente conhecida por taperebá; em São Paulo e Minas Gerais, por cajazeira-miúda e cajá-pequeno; nos estados do Sul, por cajazeira ou cajá-mirim, e na maioria dos estados do Nordeste, por cajá. No Nordeste ocorre espontaneamente em condições silvestres, competindo com outras espécies vegetais e em quintais,

Physico-chemical characterization and biometry of fruits of ‘pequi’ in Western Bahia

“…The SS/TA ratio provides a good assessment of fruit flavor, being more representative that isolated measurement of sugars and acidity (Pinto et al, 2003).…”

Development of a Topical Formulation Containing S. Lutea Extract: Stability, In Vitro Studies and Cutaneous Permeation

“…It is widespread in Brazil, especially in the Northeast (Bora et al, 1991;Gomes, 2007;Schultz, 1991). The cajá-manga, fruit of the cajazeira, shows excellent sensorial quality, thus, in the Brazilian Northeast region its pulp is widely used and commercialized (Pinto et al, 2003). The aim of this study was to assess the properties of the S. lutea fruit extract and to develop a physically stable cream formulation containing this extract to be applied topically, to prevent the skin damage caused by UV radiation.…”

CHEMICAL AND PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF MEXICAN PLUMS (Spondias purpurea L.) FROM THE STATES OF GUERRERO AND MORELOS, MEXICO

“…additionally, the pulp yield in S. purpurea is not significantly influenced by either the mass or the size of the fruit (PINtO et al, 2003). In this study, the pulp yield varied from 31.91 % (in the ecotype 'silvestre') to 81.65 % (in the ecotype 'Chilera') (table 2).…”

“…Similar values have been reported by Filgueiras et al (2001), lira Junior et al (2010, Nava and Uscanga (1979), Ramírez et al (2008), andvargas et al (2012), with values that range from 65 to 86%. The pulp yield in S. mombin varies from 27.4 to 61.8 %, and the mass of fruits from 6 to 18 g ( BOScO et al, 1999;PINtO et al, 2003). On the other hand, the yield of hybrid genotypes (S. mombin x S .…”

“…In the first group includes three jocotes de corona (small, intermediate and big), at the second group, one big jocote de corona and one purple jocote, in the third group the rest of population was included. On the other hand, using 10 quantitative traits and Ward's method, Pinto et al (2003) produced 4 different groupings from 30 genotypes of S. mombin originating from Brazil. The first group consisted of nine accessions that had the greatest values of epicarp mass (11.69-16.08 g) and an average industrial yield (3.65-6.9%); the second cluster consisted of 8 genotypes with the lowest content of tSS (7.07-13 ° Brix) and total sugars (5.78-11.30); the third group consisted of 2 genotypes with the lowest pulp mass (6.2 and 11.9 g) and industrial yield (2.72 and 3.81%); the fourth group had the highest number of accessions (11) and consisted of genotypes with the highest mass (8.5-18 g) and pulp yield (6.05-7.76%).…”