Can Measurements of Inflammatory Biomarkers Be Used to Spot Respiratory Viral Infections?

Sinha, Anirban; Lutter, René; Dekker, Tamara; Dierdorp, Barbara; Sterk, Peter J.; Frey, Urs; Delgado-Eckert, Edgar

doi:10.3390/v12101175

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…58 However, the sampling method requires sterile tools and specialized personnel, so it can be mostly applied in hospitals, this representing a major disadvantage. 29 Also, the collection method is quite invasive, which can significantly reduce patient compliance. To collect the nasal lavage fluid patients are required to adopt a certain body position (sitting on a chair, with their head bent backward or in a supine position-for pediatric patients) and to make a hiccup-like sound so that the lavage fluid is not swallowed.…”

Section: Nasal Lavage Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nasal epithelium fluid has a similarity to that of the lower respiratory tract and therefore it can be used for the dosing of biomarkers related to respiratory disorders 58 . However, the sampling method requires sterile tools and specialized personnel, so it can be mostly applied in hospitals, this representing a major disadvantage 29 . Also, the collection method is quite invasive, which can significantly reduce patient compliance.…”

Section: Types Of Biological Samples Used For Cytokine Determination ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparative presentation of the pathologies in which a variation of the cytokine level has been noticed is presented in Table 2. The information in Table 2 was taken from the literature 5,9,10,12,13,19–42 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unrevealing the connection between real sample analysis and analytical method. The case of cytokines

Irimes

Tertiş

Oprean

et al. 2023

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Cytokines are compounds that belong to a special class of signaling biomolecules that are responsible for several functions in the human body, being involved in cell growth, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes. Thus, they represent valuable biomarkers for diagnosing and drug therapy monitoring certain medical conditions. Because cytokines are secreted in the human body, they can be detected in both conventional samples, such as blood or urine, but also in samples less used in medical practice such as sweat or saliva. As the importance of cytokines was identified, various analytical methods for their determination in biological fluids were reported. The gold standard in cytokine detection is considered the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method and the most recent ones have been considered and compared in this study. It is known that the conventional methods are accompanied by a few disadvantages that new methods of analysis, especially electrochemical sensors, are trying to overcome. Electrochemical sensors proved to be suited for the elaboration of integrated, portable, and wearable sensing devices, which could also facilitate cytokines determination in medical practice.

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Section: Nasal Lavage Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types Of Biological Samples Used For Cytokine Determination ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unrevealing the connection between real sample analysis and analytical method. The case of cytokines

Irimes

Tertiş

Oprean

et al. 2023

Medicinal Research Reviews

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“…The measurement strategies used for the diagnosis of viral infections are categorized as i) direct pathogen detection (viral surface proteins or the virus itself), [13,72,73] ii) recognizing pathogen-associated viral genetic material such as nucleic acids (either viral RNA or DNA), [34,[72][73][74][75][76][77] or iii) detecting the biomarkers that are present as a result of the specific host immune response, including antibodies, [34,[72][73][74][75][76][77] proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. [78,79]…”

Section: Biosensors For the Detection Of Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding diverse disease pathology leads primarily to developing treatment and prevention strategies. [ 78,79 ]…”

Section: Biosensors For the Detection Of Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Biosensing Technologies for the Diagnostics of Viral Infectious Diseases

et al. 2022

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Despite these viruses emerging in different geographic areas, they have become an undeniable threat to worldwide public health and economic burden. The coronaviruses (CoVs) include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and especially the most recent SARS-CoV variant, SARS-CoV-2, which has caused the virulent, airborne, and infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that continues to affect millions of people, resulting in the ongoing pandemic outbreak. [3,[6][7][8][9][10] Considering that most of the described viral-based community spread infections occur through aerosols and fomites [11] transmitted by presymptomatic and asymptomatic people, [12] diagnostic methods for the early detection with high accuracy and on-site capability are crucial and would further aid the current needs of the epidemic outbreak. [13][14][15] In clinical methodology, the emerging mutations and the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 isolates are determined by DNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. [6,16] These BALF samples come in the form of nasopharyngeal swabs or sputum samples, and the viral nucleic acid detection is performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain Several viral infectious diseases appear limitless since the beginning of the 21 st century, expanding into pandemic lengths. Thus, there are extensive efforts to provide more efficient means of diagnosis, a better understanding of acquired immunity, and improved monitoring of inflammatory biomarkers, as these are all crucial for controlling the spread of infection while aiding in vaccine development and improving patient outcomes. In this regard, various biosensors have been developed recently to streamline pathogen and immune response detection by addressing the limitations of traditional methods, including isothermal amplification-based systems and lateral flow assays. This review explores state-of-the-art biosensors for detecting viral pathogens, serological assays, and inflammatory biomarkers from the material perspective, by discussing their advantages, limitations, and further potential regarding their analytical performance, clinical utility, and point-ofcare adaptability. Additionally, next-generation biosensing technologies that offer better sensitivity and selectivity, and easy handling for end-users are highlighted. An emerging example of these next-generation biosensors are those powered by novel synthetic biology tools, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas), in combination with integrated point-of-care devices. Lastly, the current challenges are discussed and a roadmap for furthering these advanced biosensing technologies to manage future pandemics is provided.

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A brief overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its management strategies: a recent update

Das,

Pathak,

Premkumar

et al. 2023

Mol Cell Biochem

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The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health crisis, inflicting substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. A diverse range of symptoms, including fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue, characterizes COVID-19. A cytokine surge can exacerbate the disease’s severity. This phenomenon involves an increased immune response, marked by the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFNγ, leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Efforts to reduce the cytokine surge and its associated complications have garnered significant attention. Standardized management protocols have incorporated treatment strategies, with corticosteroids, chloroquine, and intravenous immunoglobulin taking the forefront. The recent therapeutic intervention has also assisted in novel strategies like repurposing existing medications and the utilization of in vitro drug screening methods to choose effective molecules against viral infections. Beyond acute management, the significance of comprehensive post-COVID-19 management strategies, like remedial measures including nutritional guidance, multidisciplinary care, and follow-up, has become increasingly evident. As the understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis deepens, it is becoming increasingly evident that a tailored approach to therapy is imperative. This review focuses on effective treatment measures aimed at mitigating COVID-19 severity and highlights the significance of comprehensive COVID-19 management strategies that show promise in the battle against COVID-19.

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Can Measurements of Inflammatory Biomarkers Be Used to Spot Respiratory Viral Infections?

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Unrevealing the connection between real sample analysis and analytical method. The case of cytokines

Unrevealing the connection between real sample analysis and analytical method. The case of cytokines

Emerging Biosensing Technologies for the Diagnostics of Viral Infectious Diseases

A brief overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its management strategies: a recent update

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