Can Increased Recovery Rates from Coronavirus be explained by Prevalence of ADHD? An Analysis at the US Statewide Level

Arbel, Yuval; Fialkoff, Chaim; Kerner, Amichai; Kerner, Miryam

doi:10.1177/1087054720959707

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Therefore, they proposed that ADHD might provide an evolutionary advantage, as with the natural immunity to malaria brought by sickle-cell disease. This might explain our findings that ADHD could lead to higher odds of hospitalized COVID-19 rather than critically ill COVID-19 ( 30 ). However, more studies are needed before a definitive answer is reached.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Genetic Predisposition Between COVID-19 and Four Mental Illnesses: A Bidirectional, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

et al. 2021

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Background: The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. Although it has long been suspected that COVID-19 could contribute to the development of mental illness, and individuals with a pre-existing mental illness may have a higher risk of and poorer outcomes from COVID-19 infection, no evidence has established a causal association between them thus far.Methods: To investigate associations in support of a causal association between the severity of COVID-19 and mental illnesses, we leveraged large-scale genetic summary data from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 55,374), schizophrenia (n = 77,096), bipolar disorder (n = 51,710), and depression (n = 173,005), based on a previous observational study. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was conducted for the main analyses, with a complementary analysis of the weighted median and MR-Egger approaches and multiple sensitivity analyses assessing horizontal pleiotropy and removing outliers in two different COVID-19 databases.Results: The Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis indicated that ADHD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.297; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.029–1.634; p = 0.028] increased the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19. A similar association was obtained in MR sensitivity analyses of the weighted median. In addition, genetically predicted COVID-19 was significantly associated with schizophrenia (OR = 1.043; 95% CI, 1.005–1.082; p = 0.027).Conclusions: Although many studies have reported a causal relationship between COVID-19 and mental illness, our study shows that this increased risk is modest. However, considering the characteristics of ADHD that might further increase the individuals' vulnerability to being infected by COVID-19, the ongoing massive worldwide exposure to COVID-19, and the high burden of schizophrenia, we believe that it is necessary to offer preventative measures to these populations and to provide more evidence in understanding the neurological impact of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Genetic Predisposition Between COVID-19 and Four Mental Illnesses: A Bidirectional, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

et al. 2021

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“…ADHD has been found to be a risk factor for contracting COVID-19 [62] , particularly for females [63] , partially attributed to the non-adherence of government instructions such as social distancing or wearing masks [64] . However, in a US study, recovery rates (recovery-population ratio) have been found to rise with the prevalence of ADHD [65] suggesting that ADHD may present as a possible protective factor against severe COVID-19 symptoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Some are reported to have higher transmission, infection and hospital rates [67] , [68] , such as B.1.617.2, otherwise known as the Delta variant. Although Arbel [65] identified higher recovery rates for people with ADHD in 2020, these findings may not be consistent with the emergence of the Delta variant or other future variants. At the present time, there is little published research into the short-term effects of the Delta variant for young people, adults and older adults and there has not been enough time to determine the long-term consequences of this variant for both ADHD and non-ADHD individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Impact of COVID-19 for people living and working with ADHD: A brief review of the literature

Hollingdale¹,

Adamo²,

Tierney

2021

AIMSPH

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<abstract><sec> <title>Objective</title> COVID-19 lockdowns have changed the social and environmental context. Those with ADHD are more vulnerable to experiencing difficulties than their non-ADHD peers. This paper attempts to provide a brief summary of the literature that has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. </sec><sec> <title>Method</title> A literature search was completed using the following databases; Embase, Ovid Medline, APA PsycInfo. A total of 36 papers were identified as relevant to the topic. </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> The pandemic has exacerbated the core symptoms of ADHD and co-occurring difficulties. Services have adapted their assessment and intervention protocols for tele-health working and findings suggest that tele-interventions present a viable alternative. However, much of this research utilises small sample sizes and a restricted number of population groups. </sec><sec> <title>Conclusions</title> More research is required to determine the effectiveness of ADHD care during the pandemic and whether adaptations will be retained post-pandemic. </sec></abstract>

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“…Arbel et al performed an ecological study of the impact of ADHD prevalence on COVID-19 infection and prevalence and found impact only on recovery rates but not on infection. While interesting, the meaning and implications of their results seem to require further deliberations (Arbel et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Infection

et al. 2021

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Objective: To postulate that ADHD is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infection; to evaluate the COVID-19 risk factor on drug-treated ADHD subjects. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on ADHD subjects aged 6 to 18 years in Israel, who had undergone at least one COVID-19 test during the study period. Results: Of the 64,409 subjects included in the study, 6,207 (9.64%) had at least one positive COVID-19 test result, 13,300 (20.65%) were diagnosed with ADHD, and of whom 1,751 (13%) had purchased at least two ADHD medications 3 months prior to COVID-19 testing and were defined as being medically treated. Medically-treated ADHD subjects had a significantly lower likelihood to be infected with COVID-19 than untreated subjects. Conclusion: Untreated ADHD patients seem to constitute a risk group for COVID-19 infection. Drug treatment ameliorates risk of spreading COVID-19 infection within the pediatric population and secondary spread in the general population.

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Can Increased Recovery Rates from Coronavirus be explained by Prevalence of ADHD? An Analysis at the US Statewide Level

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Genetic Predisposition Between COVID-19 and Four Mental Illnesses: A Bidirectional, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Genetic Predisposition Between COVID-19 and Four Mental Illnesses: A Bidirectional, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Impact of COVID-19 for people living and working with ADHD: A brief review of the literature

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Infection

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