Genetic Predisposition Between COVID-19 and Four Mental Illnesses: A Bidirectional, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Liu, Ningning; Tan, Jiang-Shan; Liu, Lu; Wang, Yufeng; Liu, Hua; Qian, Qiujin

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.746276

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Two-tailed p < 0.05 was used in all statistical tests. Bonferroni-corrected analysis was used with a threshold of p < 0.006 (a = 0.05/9 outcomes) ( Liu et al., 2021 ). Associations with p-values between 0.006 and 0.05 were considered suggestive evidence of causal associations, requiring further confirmation ( Liu et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bonferroni-corrected analysis was used with a threshold of p < 0.006 (a = 0.05/9 outcomes) ( Liu et al., 2021 ). Associations with p-values between 0.006 and 0.05 were considered suggestive evidence of causal associations, requiring further confirmation ( Liu et al., 2021 ). All statistical analyses were finished with the R version 4.0.3, TwoSampleMR version 0.5.5, and MRPRESSO version 1.0 ( Verbanck et al., 2018 ; Broadbent et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Predisposition of Anti-Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G Levels and the Risk of 9 Cardiovascular Diseases

Tan

Ren²,

Fan³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundAccumulating evidence has indicated that persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. However, whether there is a causal association between the level of anti-HCMV immune response and the risk of cardiovascular diseases remains unknown.MethodsSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with anti-cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels were used as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of anti-cytomegalovirus IgG levels on 9 cardiovascular diseases (including atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, rheumatic valve diseases, and non-rheumatic valve diseases). For each cardiovascular disease, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed. Inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis (IVW) with a random-effects model was used as a principal analysis. In addition to this, the weighted median approach and MR-Egger method were used for further sensitivity analysis.ResultsIn the IVW analysis, genetically predicted anti-cytomegalovirus IgG levels were suggestively associated with coronary artery disease with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.076 [95% CI, 1.009–1.147; p = 0.025], peripheral artery disease (OR 1.709; 95% CI, 1.039–2.812; p = 0.035), and deep vein thrombosis (OR 1.002; 95% CI, 1.000–1.004; p = 0.025). In the further analysis, similar causal associations were obtained from weighted median analysis and MR-Egger analysis with lower precision. No notable heterogeneities and horizontal pleiotropies were observed (p > 0.05).Conclusions/InterpretationOur findings first provide direct evidence that genetic predisposition of anti-cytomegalovirus IgG levels increases the risk of coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and deep vein thrombosis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Predisposition of Anti-Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G Levels and the Risk of 9 Cardiovascular Diseases

Tan

Ren²,

Fan³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

Self Cite

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“…The primary analysis was inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR under a random-effect model, which assumed all genetic variants as valid instruments. Weighted median and MR-Egger methods were also performed [ 14 , 15 ]. The weighted median method can reveal consistent estimates even if up to 50% of the weight in the MR analysis comes from invalid genetic variants [ 16 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal Associations between Paternal Longevity and Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases

Wang

Tan

et al. 2022

JCDD

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Background: Observational studies have suggested that paternal longevity is associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular diseases, yet the causal association remains to be determined. Objectives: To investigate whether Mendelian randomization (MR) results support a causal role of paternal longevity for risks of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Genetic variants associated with paternal longevity and cardiovascular diseases were obtained from public genome-wide association study data. We used inverse variance weighted MR under a random-effects model to provide causal estimates between paternal longevity and cardiovascular diseases. Results: Paternal longevity was associated with decreased risks of coronary heart disease (odds ratio (OR): 0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02–0.37; p = 0.001) and peripheral artery disease (OR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03–0.65; p = 0.011). No significant differences were observed in hypertension, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, or cardiac death. The weighted median method revealed consistent results between genetically instrumented paternal longevity and decreased risk of coronary heart disease and peripheral artery disease. No significant differences were observed in the MR-Egger results. Multivariable MR consistently indicated causal associations between paternal longevity and decreased cardiovascular diseases. The leave-one-out analysis suggested that the causal associations were not affected by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The intercept of the MR-Egger estimator and funnel plot revealed no indication of horizontal pleiotropic effects. Conclusions: Our MR analyses supported a causal role of paternal longevity for decreased risks of coronary heart disease and peripheral artery disease, which highlighted the need for better monitoring and intervention of cardiovascular diseases in populations with premature paternal death.

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“…Perception of COVID-19 (P-COVID-19) was measured by a valid and reliable scale. The scale consists of seven items and two sub-dimensions: "dangerousness" and "contagiousness" and is in a five-point Likert structure, The expressions are evaluated as "I strongly disagree (1), " "I do not agree (2), " "I am undecided (3), " "I agree (4), " "I strongly agree (5)." Sub-dimension of dangerousness covers perceptions and beliefs about the danger posed by COVID-19.…”

Section: Covid-disease Perception Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…ADHD was associated with a significantly higher rate of hospitalization and being symptomatic ( 4 ). A systematic review and a meta-analysis demonstrated that ADHD patients have increased susceptibility and severity compared to controls ( 5 ). However, a recent longitudinal study that investigated pre-pandemic and pandemic data on neurodevelopmental conditions did not show strong evidence of differences in the distribution of infections in those with ADHD compared to those without ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 infection, vaccine status, and avoidance behaviors in adults with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveWe aim to examine infection risk and vaccine status of COVID-19 in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and evaluate the impact of demographic, clinical, and COVID-19-related factors on the infection status and behavioral avoidance of COVID-19.MethodsThis cross-sectional study assessed adults with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder recruited from an outpatient psychiatry clinic. Patients and healthy controls completed a survey on sociodemographic data, COVID-19 infection status, and vaccine status. COVID-19 Disease Perception Scale, COVID-19 Avoidance Attitudes Scale, Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccine Scale, Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-report Screening Scale for DSM-5, Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale Symptoms Checklist, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were applied.ResultsNinety patients and 40 healthy controls participated. Patients did not differ from controls in COVID-19 infection and vaccine status, and behavioral avoidance of COVID-19. No demographic and clinical factor significantly affected the COVID-19 infection status. Patients scored higher than controls in the perception of COVID-19 as contagious (p = 0.038), cognitive avoidance of COVID-19 (p = 0.008), and positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.024). After adjustment of possible factors, a positive perception of the COVID-19 vaccine and a perception of COVID-19 as dangerous were the two factors significantly affecting behavioral avoidance of COVID-19 [R2 = 0. 17, F(2) = 13.189, p < 0.0001].ConclusionInfection and vaccine status of COVID-19 in patients did not significantly differ from controls. No demographic and clinical factor significantly affected the COVID-19 infection status. Approximately four-fifths of the patients were fully vaccinated as recommended by national and global health organizations. This has increased the knowledge base showing that the COVID-19 vaccine is acceptable and receiving the vaccine is endorsed by ADHD patients. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder itself may provoke no kind of mental disturbance in sense of perception of the danger of this disease. Our findings have increased the knowledge base showing that the COVID-19 vaccine is acceptable and the actual practice of receiving the vaccine is endorsed in this population. Our message for practice would be to take into account not only the core symptoms and the comorbidities of the disorder but also the perception of the disease while exploring its link with COVID-19.

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Genetic Predisposition Between COVID-19 and Four Mental Illnesses: A Bidirectional, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Genetic Predisposition of Anti-Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G Levels and the Risk of 9 Cardiovascular Diseases

Genetic Predisposition of Anti-Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G Levels and the Risk of 9 Cardiovascular Diseases

Causal Associations between Paternal Longevity and Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases

COVID-19 infection, vaccine status, and avoidance behaviors in adults with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional study

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