Bureau of Mines Procedure For Analysis of Respirable Dust from Coal Mines

Goldberg, Steven A.; Raymond, L.D.; Taylor, Charles Lewis

doi:10.1080/0002889738506834

Cited by 5 publications

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“…In a study Parobeck and Tomb (1974) showed the distribution in different range of respirable dust concentrations in US underground mines and surface operations and observed that majority of the values were at or below 2 mg/m 3 23) . In another study, Goldberg et al (1973) observed that the quartz content in the respirable dust during underground coal mining was only about 1% of the samples, having above 5% quartz in US underground mines 24) . It was also observed that if the respirable coal dust levels in the mines are regularly maintained at 2 mg/m 3 , the probability of developing the disease during working life of the exposed workers are minimised to zero.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Respirable Dust and its Free Silica Contents in Different Indian Coalmines

Mukherjee

Bhattacharya

Saiyed³

2005

Ind Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Respirable Dust and its Free Silica Contents in Different Indian Coalmines

Mukherjee

Bhattacharya

Saiyed³

2005

Ind Health

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“…In order to obtain calibration curves of crystalline silica, quartz samples of respirable range were used as the standard. Although crystalline silica has several polymorphs such as cristobalite and tridymite, it is reasonable to use quartz as the standard because the other forms of silica are usually not present in significant amounts in industrial hygiene samples [4][5][6] . The absorbance ratio method was carried out according to the Guide book 1) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their absorption coefficients at the peaks which will interfere with the analytical peak are shown in Table 2. Kaolinite (Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ), known as a hydro-thermally altered mineral in volcanic rock and a common component of coal mine dust, exhibited an absorbance of Si-O-Al vibration at 790 cm -1 . It is the only example of interference mineral prescribed in the current Guidebook 1) .…”

Section: Spectrum Measurement Of Interference Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining of Crystalline Silica in Respirable Dust Samples by Infrared Spectrophotometry in the Presence of Interferences

Ojima

2003

Journal of Occupational Health

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Determining of Crystalline Silica in Respirable Dust Samples by Infrared Spectrophotometry in the Presence of Interferences: Jun Ojima. National Institute of Industrial Health—Infrared Spectrophotometry (IR) is now widely used to determine crystalline silica in industrial dust samples. Though the IR method has many advantages when dealing with respirable dust samples, some serious analytical errors are often caused by interference minerals contamination. These minerals have a characteristic absorption band corresponding in position to the analytical peak for crystalline silica. In this paper, six typical interference minerals (Kaolinite, Mullite, Muscovite, Pyrophyllite, Montmorillonite and Amorphous silica) were pre‐size controlled to respirable range and their infrared spectra were measured by means of an FT‐IR with the well known potassium bromide tablet technique. The effects of these interference minerals on the Japanese OEL or the administrative control level for respirable dust which depend on the silica content were calculated and expressed in figures. The measured absorption coefficients of the interference minerals and quartz were 1.36–6.98 Abs/mg and 24.46 Abs/mg, respectively. The absorption band height ratios of each interference minerals were also measured. Then the efficiency and applicability of two spectrum correction methods for the interference minerals, absorbance ratio method and difference spectrum method were examined by using artificially mixed samples (standard interference mineral + standard quartz). By comparing the quantifying results for the mixture samples, it was revealed that the interfered spectra were almost corrected successfully when using the difference spectrum method, whereas correction by the absorbance ratio method resulted in apparent negative errors. Furthermore, the difference spectrum method was proven to be superior to the absorbance ratio method in applicability.

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“…This leads to imprecise measurement as sufficient mass is not obtained on the filter for reliable quantification at lower concentrations or shorter time periods of sampling (Stacey, 2007) with the samplers commonly employed operating at 1.7-2 l min −1 . In some cases, if dust loadings on a single filter were considered insufficient for silica analysis, several or more filters from the same task sampled on consecutive days might be combined to provide measurable amounts (Goldberg et al, 1973;Verma et al, 1992). However, this is not a common practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quartz Measurement in Coal Dust with High-Flow Rate Samplers: Laboratory Study

Lee

Kim

et al. 2011

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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A laboratory study was performed to measure quartz in coal dust using high-flow rate samplers (CIP10-R, GK2.69 cyclone, and FSP10 cyclone) and low-flow rate samplers [10-mm nylon and Higgins-Dewell type (BGI4L) cyclones] and to determine whether an increased mass collection from high-flow rate samplers would affect the subsequent quartz measurement by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analytical procedures. Two different sizes of coal dusts, mass median aerodynamic diameter 4.48 μm (Coal Dust A) and 2.33 μm (Coal Dust B), were aerosolized in a calm air chamber. The mass of coal dust collected by the samplers was measured gravimetrically, while the mass of quartz collected by the samplers was determined by FTIR (NIOSH Manual of Analytical Method 7603) and XRD (NIOSH Manual of Analytical Method 7500) after one of two different indirect preparations. Comparisons between high-flow rate samplers and low-flow rate samplers were made by calculating mass concentration ratios of coal dusts, net mass ratios of coal dusts, and quartz net mass. Mass concentrations of coal dust from the FSP10 cyclone were significantly higher than those from other samplers and mass concentrations of coal dust from 10-mm nylon cyclone were significantly lower than those from other samplers, while the CIP10-R, GK2.69, and BGI4L samplers did not show significant difference in the comparison of mass concentration of coal dusts. The BGI4L cyclone showed larger mass concentration of ~9% compared to the 10-mm nylon cyclone. All cyclones provided dust mass concentrations that can be used in complying with the International Standard Organization standard for the determination of respirable dust concentration. The amount of coal dust collected from the high-flow rate samplers was found to be higher with a factor of 2-8 compared to the low-flow rate samplers but not in direct proportion of increased flow rates. The high-flow rate samplers collected more quartz compared to low-flow rate samplers in the range of 2-10. There was no significant difference between the per cent (%) quartz in coal dust between the * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1-304-285-5783; fax: +1-304-285-6041; fwc8@cdc.gov. Disclaimer-The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Reference to the ACGIH TLV does not constitute endorsement by the US federal government. FTIR and XRD analyses. The findings of this study indicated that the increased mass of quartz collected with high-flow rate samplers would provide precise analytical results (i.e. significantly above the limit of detection and/or limit of quantification) compared to the mass collected with low-flow rate samplers, especially in environments with low concentrations of quartz or where short sampling times are desired. HHS Public Access

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Bureau of Mines Procedure For Analysis of Respirable Dust from Coal Mines

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of Respirable Dust and its Free Silica Contents in Different Indian Coalmines

Assessment of Respirable Dust and its Free Silica Contents in Different Indian Coalmines

Determining of Crystalline Silica in Respirable Dust Samples by Infrared Spectrophotometry in the Presence of Interferences

Quartz Measurement in Coal Dust with High-Flow Rate Samplers: Laboratory Study

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