Bullying e preconceito: a atualidade da barbárie

Abstract

RESUMOEntre os tipos de violência que ocorrem no contexto escolar, destaca-se o bullying. Esse fenômeno é composto de violência física e psicológica realizadas intencionalmente contra um indivíduo específico considerado frágil e inferior pelo agressor. Assim, o bullying proporciona consequências negativas de curto e longo prazo a todos os envolvidos e apresenta-se potencialmente relacionado à negação e não aceitação do outro. Diante disso, esta pesquisa, de cunho teórico, objetiva analisar as limitações conceituais do bullying. E, para tal, utiliza como principal referência a teoria crítica da sociedade -mais especificamente as ideias de Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer sobre educação, emancipação e preconceito. Em conclusão, denuncia a naturalização do bullying e a alienação ao conceito, revelando-o como uma nova forma de barbárie que perdura nos dias de hoje. PALAVRAS-CHAVEbullying; preconceito; barbárie.

Preconceito e bullying: marcas da regressão psíquica socialmente induzida

“…School bullying has been defined as the hostility of an older or stronger student, or group of students, intentionally and often addressed to the same student, who cannot react sufficiently to avoid the aggression, and that may generate several consequences for those affected, from great anguish to murder and suicide (Cano-Echeverri & Vargas-Gonzalez, 2018;Chaves & Souza, 2018;Fante, 2005;Pinheiro & Willians, 2009).…”

“…The observers of bullying, according to Cano-Echeverri and Vargas-Gonzalez (2018), Chaves and Souza (2018) and Voors (2006), may be afraid that they themselves become victims if they interfere to cease the violence, feeling powerless. Cano-Echeverri and Vargas-Gonzalez (2018) argue that some of the observers do not interfere because they think it is not their problem, showing indifference and coolness in the face of violence.…”

“…The relationship between bullying and prejudice is studied by Antunes and Zuin (2008) and Chaves and Souza (2018), who argue that the latter phenomenon is the basis of the former. The authors argue that bullying is a concept generated by instrumental reason -as defined by Horkheimer (1946Horkheimer ( /2015 -to replace the discussion on prejudice proposed by Horkheimer, Adorno and others in their studies, such as in Elements of antisemitism (Horkheimer & Adorno, 1947/1985 and The authoritarian personality (Adorno et al, 1950).…”

“…The concept of bullying, according to Chaves and Souza (2018), considered as an individual attitude, detached from a sociological analysis such as that performed by the Frankfurtians, would reduce the discussion of this form of violence, previously delimited as prejudice, to individual and family characteristics.…”

“…In relation to these distinctions, Crochik (2015) argues that in prejudice there is a delimited target, on which the individual projects expectations, fears and desires that he/she him/herself cannot admit; on the other hand, the author of bullying needs a target, any one that he/she can get to submit to his/her will of domination and destruction of the will of others, as corroborated by Chaves and Souza (2018). Goodboy, Martin and Rittenour (2016) revealed the relationship between intolerant patterns of sexism, racism, religion, etc.…”