Built-in adjuvants for use in vaccines

Li, Qianqian; Li, Zhimei; Deng, Nan; Ding, Feiqing; Li, Yiliang; Cai, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113917

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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Section: Crosstalk Between Ilc2s and Cd4 + T Cells...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccines are biological products made from various types of pathogenic microorganisms for immunization [ 132 ]. Vaccination induces a strong immune response to specific antigens, to prevent related diseases [ 132 ]. IL-25 and IL-33 cytokines, which regulate the activation and function of ILC2s, can differentially regulate the ILC spectrum at the vaccination site in a vaccine pathway dependent manner [ 133 ].…”

Section: Crosstalk Between Ilc2s and Cd4 + T Cells...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crosstalk between ILC2s and Th2 CD4+ T Cells in Lung Disease

Guo

2022

Journal of Immunology Research

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Cytokine secretion, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and amphiregulin (Areg), by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) is indispensable for homeostasis, remodeling/repairing tissue structure, inflammation, and tumor immunity. Often viewed as the innate cell surrogate of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, ILC2s not only secrete the same type 2 cytokines, but are also inextricably related to CD4+T cells in terms of cell origin and regulatory factors, bridging between innate and adaptive immunity. ILC2s interact with CD4+T cells to play a leading role in a variety of diseases through secretory factors. Here, we review the latest progress on ILC2s and CD4+T cells in the lung, the close relationship between the two, and their relevance in the lung disease and immunity. This literature review aids future research in pulmonary type 2 immune diseases and guides innovative treatment approaches for these diseases.

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Section: Crosstalk Between Ilc2s and Cd4 + T Cells...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crosstalk Between Ilc2s and Cd4 + T Cells...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between ILC2s and Th2 CD4+ T Cells in Lung Disease

Guo

2022

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…Immune stimulators that target multiple TLRs or other PRRs simultaneously have also been developed; CV8102 is an example of an immune stimulator that activates both TLR7/8 and the RIG-I pathway [219,220]. Other approaches to improve the efficacy of TLR-based adjuvants include the ligation of an antigen to the TLR agonist as seen with the TLR2 and TLR5 agonists [144,194]. Another approach for improving the efficacy of TLR-based adjuvants is the formulation of a TLR agonist to nanoparticles as seen in the development of AS01 and AS02 [130].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequently used adjuvant for TLR2 activation is macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) and its synthetic analogs, dipalmitoyl-S-glycerylcysteine (Pam2Cys) and tripalmitoyl-S-glycerylcysteine (Pam3Cys). Strategies to develop TLR2 agonist-adjuvanted vaccines include formulating synthetic TLR2 agonists into vaccine adjuvants and conjugating TLR2 agonists to antigens [143,144]. Because they are easily incorporated during peptide synthesis, various TLR2 ligand-conjugated peptide vaccines were investigated in earlier studies.…”

Section: Tlr2 Agonist-based Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Toll-like Receptor Agonist-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases

Yang

Tseng

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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Vaccines are powerful tools for controlling microbial infections and preventing epidemic diseases. Efficient inactive, subunit, or viral-like particle vaccines usually rely on a safe and potent adjuvant to boost the immune response to the antigen. After a slow start, over the last decade there has been increased developments on adjuvants for human vaccines. The development of adjuvants has paralleled our increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms for the pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated activation of immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of PRRs that recognize microbial pathogens to initiate a host’s response to infection. Activation of TLRs triggers potent and immediate innate immune responses, which leads to subsequent adaptive immune responses. Therefore, these TLRs are ideal targets for the development of effective adjuvants. To date, TLR agonists such as monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and CpG-1018 have been formulated in licensed vaccines for their adjuvant activity, and other TLR agonists are being developed for this purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic has also accelerated clinical research of vaccines containing TLR agonist-based adjuvants. In this paper, we reviewed the agonists for TLR activation and the molecular mechanisms associated with the adjuvants’ effects on TLR activation, emphasizing recent advances in the development of TLR agonist-based vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases.

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“…In recent years, in addition to the identification of vaccine antigens, further efforts have focused on the development of efficient antigen delivery systems, adjuvants and vaccination regimens to enhance the protective responses to defined immunogens ( 10 , 11 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial: Understanding anti-trypanosomatid immune responses: The key to developing protective strategies against them

et al. 2022

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Editorial on the Research TopicUnderstanding anti-trypanosomatid immune responses: The key to developing protective strategies against them Trypanosomatid parasites are kinetoplastid microorganisms, some of which cycle between the gut of insect vectors and the tissues of vertebrate hosts (1). In the vertebrate hosts, these parasites alter the expression of virulence genes and modify biological and antigenic properties in order to counteract the host immune responses and establish a persistent infection (2, 3).The diseases caused by trypanosomatids are among the so-called neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which affect millions of individuals mostly in low and middle-income countries from tropical and subtropical regions. In addition to their close relationship with poverty, these diseases permanently deform and disable a large number of poor people, who are thus trapped in their poverty situation. Sadly, these diseases are often forgotten by governments and the pharmaceutical industry, due to the lack of political voice of the affected populations and the reduced economic revenue from this lowincome market (4, 5).Although chemotherapy is critically important in reducing the parasite burden, the variable efficacy of the drugs against different clinical stages of the infections, their frequently associated adverse effects, and our poor understanding of drug-resistant parasite phenotypes remain major concerns. To date, there are no licensed human Frontiers in Immunology frontiersin.org 01

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Built-in adjuvants for use in vaccines

Cited by 24 publications

References 90 publications

Crosstalk between ILC2s and Th2 CD4+ T Cells in Lung Disease

Crosstalk between ILC2s and Th2 CD4+ T Cells in Lung Disease

Recent Advances in the Development of Toll-like Receptor Agonist-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases

Editorial: Understanding anti-trypanosomatid immune responses: The key to developing protective strategies against them

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