Bridging the gap between will and action on climate change adaptation in large cities in Brazil

Giulio, Gabriela Marques Di; Torres, Roger Rodrigues; Lapola, David M.; Bedran-Martins, Ana Maria; Vasconcellos, Maria da Penha; Braga, Daniel Cardoso; Fuck, Marcos Paulo; Juk, Yohanna; Nogueira, Veruska; Penna, Ana Carolina; Jacaúna, Tiago da Silva; Fetz, Marcelo; Pessoa, Zoraide Souza; Pontes, Rylanneive; Schons, Marize; Premebida, Adriano

doi:10.1007/s10113-019-01570-z

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, it is worth mentioning that it is not possible to define an exact threshold related to the rupture of climatic conditions, that is why the existence of an interval of 0.5°C between the two thresholds (Hallegatte et al ., 2016; Knutti et al ., 2016; IPCC, 2018). Moreover, several authors highlight the difficulty in stabilizing warming below these thresholds (Van Vliet et al ., 2012; Anderson, 2015; Karmalkar and Bradley, 2017), mainly based on the greenhouse gas emission rates that continue to increase even after COP21, and due to the lack of public measures and actions in favour of environmental awareness (Di Giulio et al ., 2019; Lemos et al ., 2020) and incentives for clean technologies (Barcellos and Hacon, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projected impacts of 1.5 and 2°C global warming on temperature and precipitation patterns in South America

Torres

Benassi

Martins

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Even if the thresholds set out in the Paris Agreement are reached, several impacts on the climate system are still inevitable, generating new vulnerabilities and amplifying those that already exist. In this sense, the objective of this work was to analyse the impact of a global warming of 1.5 and 2°C in the regional climatological patterns of the near‐surface air temperature and precipitation over South America, locating the most affected regions and briefly discussing the possible impacts to be faced on biodiversity and agriculture. The simulations and projections of 26 General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 were used, forced in four different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios. Projections for 1.5 or 2°C global warming indicate a local increase even higher, of at least +0.5°C, in almost the entire South American continent. Regarding precipitation, a similar pattern was also found between the two thresholds of global warming. GCMs project an increase of about 100 mm year−1 in the southern region of Brazil and in the northern portion of the Brazilian Northeast, in northern Argentina, Uruguay, and parts of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela; while the areas between the south of Chile and Argentina and the extreme north of South America show reductions of up to 150 mm year−1. In addition, both the temperature and precipitation patterns were practically similar between the four analysed RCPs scenarios. The results presented in this study indicate that even if the Paris Agreement is very successful, South America will still suffer several impacts and will need to take effective adaptation measures in the short term. This may have pervasive implications for the biodiversity and genetic resource base of the subcontinent, as well as may impair agricultural productivity or incur into considerable adaptation costs for the sector.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projected impacts of 1.5 and 2°C global warming on temperature and precipitation patterns in South America

Torres

Benassi

Martins

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

Self Cite

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“…In that direction, it is worthy to remark that the development of the EQ can be understood by encompassing five dimensions on the necessary ability of local governments to advance in adaptation to climate change. These dimensions are presented by Di Giulio et al (2019) through cognitive factors, resources, organizational factors, political aspects, and urban planning. Furthermore, EQ operationalized a principle of public function for the private properties, what in the case of Brazil set out in the Federal Constitution.…”

Section: Replicability Of the Environmental Quotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, cities throughout the world centralize the high demands for environmental and ecosystem services, characterizing the locus of fundamental mitigation actions for ongoing environmental changes (Seto et al, 2017). When it comes to mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate change, for example, local governments face critical political and governing challenges (Di Giulio et al, 2019). Indeed, cities are both a cause of climate change, by way of the emissions of greenhouse gases, and victims of its consequences, given that urban inequalities exacerbate the negative impacts of climate disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, and droughts (Kjellstrom et al, 2007;Bulkeley, 2010;Prieur-Richard et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The City of São Paulo's Environmental Quota: A Policy to Embrace Urban Environmental Services and Green Infrastructure Inequalities in the Global South

Caetano

Pereira

Figueiredo³

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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In 2013 the urban authority for São Paulo city, Brazil, was interested in incorporating environmental aspects into the urban licensing process of diverse urban developments. To overcome concepts related simply to soil sealing, the initiative gave rise to a wide range of principles associated with environmental services and the consideration that green areas in this megacity are unequally distributed. Given the costs involved in analyzing each case and the legal uncertainty among entrepreneurs, it has become a tradition in Brazil for authorities in charge of urban licensing to follow general regulations rather than case-by-case studies, except in high-impact developments. In response, the São Paulo municipal government developed during the period from 2013 to 2016 a governing instrument to deal with these issues, known as the Environmental Quota (EQ). For that, the following guiding principles were established: (a) it should have a solid theoretical basis, with incentives for consistent public participation; (b) it should be flexible in such a way that it can provide a general framework within which a project designer can make decisions, rather than a set of rigidly determined solutions; and (c) it should consider inequalities in the availability of urban green infrastructure throughout the city. This paper will first detail the political-institutional context in which the EQ and its guidelines were established and implemented, then provide a general overview of the tool and the theoretical frameworks within which it was developed, and, finally, discuss the complex social decision-making process of its legal constraints. Moreover, it analyzes the implementation and application of the EQ to examine its effectiveness and how it relates to the city's gentrification. Furthermore, it is considered the replicability potential of the EQ to expand both the supply and distribution of green infrastructure and environmental services throughout the urban environment and, thus, contribute toward mitigating the intricate problems of urban environments in the Global South.

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“…Em um estudo empírico ainda mais amplo, Di , ao investigarem seis grandes cidades brasileiras, observam grandes desafios na perspectiva de implementação e efetivação da capacidade adaptativa urbana às mudanças climáticas em virtude de fatores como limitações institucionais e falta de vontade política. Nessa perspectiva, vários estudos científicos vêm apontando ao longo dos anos que as cidades brasileiras (mas não somente) apresentam uma série de desafios que limitam a adoção de medidas para lidar com as mudanças climáticas, tais como a falta de recursos econômicos e tecnológicos, a falta de vontade política e a pouca efetividade das estruturas de governança participativas FERREIRA, 2010;DI GIULIO et al , 2017;DI GIULIO et al , 2019; TEIXEIRA; PESSOA, 2020; TEIXEIRA; PESSOA; DI GIULIO, 2020a; TEIXEIRA; PESSOA; DI GIULIO, 2020b, no prelo).…”

Section: Mudanças Climáticas Adaptação E Capacidade Adaptativa No Counclassified

A Capacidade Adaptativa Climática No Contexto Das Cidades Brasileiras: Um Diálogo Com as Teorias Da Modernização Ecológica E Da Sociedade De Risco

Teixeira¹,

Pessoa²

2020

BRJPD

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Bridging the gap between will and action on climate change adaptation in large cities in Brazil

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Projected impacts of 1.5 and 2°C global warming on temperature and precipitation patterns in South America

Projected impacts of 1.5 and 2°C global warming on temperature and precipitation patterns in South America

The City of São Paulo's Environmental Quota: A Policy to Embrace Urban Environmental Services and Green Infrastructure Inequalities in the Global South

A Capacidade Adaptativa Climática No Contexto Das Cidades Brasileiras: Um Diálogo Com as Teorias Da Modernização Ecológica E Da Sociedade De Risco

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