Breeding, embryonic development and salinity tolerance of Skunk clownfish Amphiprion akallopisos

Dhaneesh, K. V.; Devi, K. Nanthini; Kumar, T.T. Ajith; Balasubramanian, T.; Tissera, Kapila

doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2011.03.005

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Growth analysis of cinnamon clownfish at salinities of 34 ppt, 25 ppt, 15 ppt, and 10 ppt indicated that A. melanopus could survive at salinities as low as 10 ppt over a period of 90 days. The result is similar to that of skunk clownfish A. akallopisos with high survival rates under the condition of salinities up to 53 ppt and tolerance up to 6 ppt of salinity [10]. Lower survival rates of A. melanopus at lower salinities were inconsistent with the previous studies examining the relationship between growth and salinity in juvenile black bream [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Gene encoding prolactin in cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus and its expression upon acclimation to low salinities

Noh

Rho²,

Chang

et al. 2013

Aquat. Biosyst.

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BackgroundProlactin (PRL) is a key hormone for osmoregulation in fish. Levels of PRL in the pituitary gland and plasma ion composition of clownfish seem to change to regulate their hydromineral balance during adaptation to waters of different salinities. In order to understand osmoregulatory mechanism and its association with growth performance and PRL in fish, the gene encoding PRL and its expression level in cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus upon acclimation to low salinity was analyzed.ResultsThe PRL gene of A. melanopus encoded a protein of 212 amino acid residues comprised of a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acids and a mature protein of 188 amino acids. Analysis of growth performance under different salinities of 34, 25, 15, and 10 ppt indicated that cinnamon clownfish could survive under salinities as low as 10 ppt. A higher rate of growth was observed at the lower salinities as compared to that of 34 ppt. Upon shifting the salinity of the surrounding water from 34 ppt to 15 ppt, the level of the PRL transcripts gradually increased to reach the peak level until 24 h of acclimation at 15 ppt, but decreased back as adaptation continued to 144 h. In contrast, levels of plasma Na+, Cl-, and osmolality decreased at the initial stage (4–8 h) of acclimation at 15 pt but increased back as adaptation continued till 144 h.ConclusionCinnamon clownfish could survive under salinities as low as 10 ppt. Upon shifting the salinity of the surrounding water from 34 ppt to 15 ppt, the level of the PRL transcripts gradually increased during the initial stage of acclimation but decreased back to the normal level as adaptation continued. An opposite pattern of changes - decrease at the beginning followed by an increase - in the levels of plasma Na+, Cl-, and osmolality was found upon acclimation to low salinity. The results suggest an involvement of PRL in the processes of osmoregulation and homeostasis in A. melanopus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Gene encoding prolactin in cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus and its expression upon acclimation to low salinities

Noh

Rho²,

Chang

et al. 2013

Aquat. Biosyst.

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“…Berbeda dengan ikan hias clown hitam (Amphiprion percula) yang memiliki bentuk lonjong dengan kisaran ukuran yang relatif lebih besar dari telur ikan letter six dengan ukuran 2,21 x 0,89 mm (Kusumawati & Setiawati, 2010). Sedangkan pada ikan clown biasa (Amphiprion ocellaris) memiliki bentuk lonjong dengan ukuran 1,8 x 0,8 mm (Yasir & Qin, 2007), sementara itu, pada jenis ikan clown lainnya yaitu Amphiprion akallopisos memiliki kisaran ukuran 2,21 x 1 mm (Dhaneesh et al, 2011). Pada ikan hias lainnya yaitu dari jenis ikan goby (Priolepis nocturna) memiliki bentuk oval dengan ukuran lebih besar dari ukuran telur ikan letter six yaitu 0,82 x 0,51 mm (Wittenrich et al, 2007).…”

Section: Hasil Dan Bahasan Pemijahan Induk Dan Perkembangan Embriounclassified

“…Durasi perkembangan embrio ikan letter six terjadi dalam waktu 22 jam 24 menit (Tabel 1). Dalam kondisi suhu air yang sama yaitu berkisar 27°C-28°C, perkembangan embrio ikan letter six relatif lebih cepat jika dibandingkan dengan ikan hias laut dari jenis Amphiprion di mana pada ikan A. ocellaris dan A. kallopisos memerlukan waktu yang sangat lama yaitu 152 jam (Yasir & Qin, 2007;Dhaneesh et al, 2011). Sedangkan pada ikan jenis goby (Priolepis nocturna) memerlukan waktu 96 jam untuk larva bisa menetas (Wittenrich et al, 2007).…”

Section: Hasil Dan Bahasan Pemijahan Induk Dan Perkembangan Embriounclassified

PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO DAN LARVA IKAN LETTER SIX, Paracanthurus hepatus

Kusumawati¹,

Setiawati²,

Priono

2015

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur

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ABSTRAKDalam upaya memperkaya populasi ikan letter six (Paracanthurus hepatus) di alam yang telah mendekati kepunahan akibat adanya illegal fishing maka dilakukan usaha perbenihan. Kegiatan perbenihan ikan letter six memerlukan informasi awal tentang perkembangan telur dan pemeliharaan larva yang nantinya akan digunakan sebagai acuan dasar dalam menentukan pengembangan teknik pemeliharaan larva ikan letter six yang tepat. Koleksi induk ikan letter six hasil tangkapan di alam dari perairan Maluku dan Papua. Induk letter six dipelihara dalam tangki policarbonat bulat berkapasitas dua ton dengan sistem air mengalir. Selama pemeliharaan, induk letter six mampu memijah secara alami. Durasi perkembangan embrio hingga menetas memerlukan waktu 22 jam 24 menit pada suhu normal air laut 29°C. Penyerapan kuning telur optimum terjadi pada hari kedua dan maksimum terserap habis pada hari ketiga, sedangkan butir minyak terserap habis tepat pada hari ketiga. Korelasi pertumbuhan panjang dan tinggi larva mengikuti hubungan alometrik negatif di mana konstanta pertumbuhan b = 0,6629 (b < 1). Berdasarkan perkembangan larva, umur D-2 (terbentuk bintik mata) mulai diberikan pakan alami berupa plankton dan pada D-3 (bukaan mulut) mulai diberikan zooplankton yaitu rotifer. Dengan metode pemeliharaan ini, larva ikan letter six mati pada D-25 sehingga perlu adanya perbaikan metode pemeliharaan melalui pendekatan lingkungan maupun pakan. (b = 0.6629 (b < 1)). Based on the larval development, plankton have to be given on D-2 and followed rotifer at D-3. In the present preliminary study the letter six larvae survived up to 25 days.

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“…To preserve the delicate reef ecosystem, many studies have been carried out to develop breeding and rearing methods for marine ornamental fi shes, which are essential to the development of sustainable ornamental aquaculture (Ajith Kumar and Balasubramanian, 2009;Ajith Kumar et al, 2010;Dhaneesh et al, 2011). However, information regarding the breeding of clownfi shes in brackishwater is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and mass scale rearing of clownfish Amphiprion percula: feeding and rearing in brackishwater

Dhaneesh

Kumar

Balasubramanian

2012

Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol.

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Breeding and mass scale larval rearing of clownfi sh Amphiprion percula is very limited in brackishwater. We designed an indoor program of A . percula culture in brackishwater with a salinity of 24±1, during which the impacts of feed type, water temperature, and light intensity, on the effi ciency of its reproduction, were revealed. The fi sh were accommodated along with sea anemones in fi bre glass tanks to determine the infl uence of brooder diet on breeding effi ciency. Higher reproductive effi ciency [number of eggs laid (276  22.3 eggs)] was observed when fi sh were fed live Acetes sp. rather than clam (204  16.4 eggs), trash fi sh (155  12 eggs) and formulated feed (110  10 eggs). The spawning rate was increased during September and October (water temperature, 28.74  0.55°C) on average of 2.4 spawning per month; and low spawning rate was in January (water temperature, 24.55  0.45°C) on average of 1 spawning per month. Among three light intensities (100, 500, and 900 lx) set to evaluate larval survival rate, larvae showed the highest survival rate (65.5%) at 900 lx. The breeding method specifi cally in brackishwater developed in the present study is a new approach, will help the people from the regions of estuary and backwater to enhance their livelihood and it will lead to reduce the exploitation from the wild habitat.

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Breeding, embryonic development and salinity tolerance of Skunk clownfish Amphiprion akallopisos

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Gene encoding prolactin in cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus and its expression upon acclimation to low salinities

Gene encoding prolactin in cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus and its expression upon acclimation to low salinities

PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO DAN LARVA IKAN LETTER SIX, Paracanthurus hepatus

Breeding and mass scale rearing of clownfish Amphiprion percula: feeding and rearing in brackishwater

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