Breeding and rearing some of the clownfishes most commonly used in the aquarium trade actually represent an economical and ecological tool for broadening development. Culture of clownfish species in low-saline water is still in its infancy. Salinity of the culture environment is one of the more relevant parameters affecting fish physiology, modifying food intake and growth performance in many fish species. The objective of this study was to breed skunk clownfish (Amphiprion akallopisos) in aquarium condition, document the embryonic development, determine the upper and lower lethal salinities of juveniles, tolerance of five different salinities (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt) and their effect on the survival rate of larvae. Higher (53-55 ppt) and lower (3-6 ppt) salinities produced loss of appetite and movement, finally leading to mortality in juveniles. In a ninety six hour experiment, larvae showed 100% survival at the salinities of 30 (control) and 35 ppt and 88% survival in 40 ppt salinity and 76% survivals in 20 and 25 ppt. In conclusion juveniles of A. akallopisos exhibit satisfactory rates of survival and no signs of stress in high (up to 53 ppt) and low saline (up to 6 ppt) waters. These results demonstrate that using such salinities, which can reduce the incidence of diseases and mortality, does not produce significant physiological alterations in this species. In addition, descriptive studies on embryonic development and mass scale larval rearing were also carried out during the present study.
A survey on coral bleaching was carried out at Agatti Island of Lakshadweep from May to June 2010. Elevated sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the region exceeded the seasonal average and delayed the onset of monsoon, which triggered widespread bleaching of corals. The Agatti reefs showed an average of 73% bleached corals with apparent bleaching-related mortality of sea anemones (87%) and giant clams (83%). The SST increased up to 34 ℃ with an average maximum SST of 32.5 during the study ℃ period between May and June 2010. Coral reefs on the southern side of the island are fully or partially exposed to sun light during low tide in contrast to the other side. This suggests that the mortality is more likely due to the low tide exposure than exclusively due to the elevated SST. Observations indicated a clear increase in coral bleaching during April 2010, at levels higher than that in normal summer.
This study was conducted to assess the role of dietary commercial brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the growth factors (final weight, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)), survival rate, haematological parameters and serum metabolic products (glucose and total protein) of the clown fish, Amphiprion percula. Feeding trial was carried out for 90 days to study the effect of brewer's yeast on the young ones of clown fish, A. percula. Fifty young ones (avg. wt 1.345±0.03 g) were randomly distributed in each treatment and fed with different diets, prepared with six incremental levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% of the feed) of brewer's yeast except the control. Haematology and serum parameters were studied before pathogen challenge and they were significantly higher (P<0.05) in 2% yeast supplemented group. Survival (%) of the fish, after challenging with Streptococcus sp., was also higher in the yeast fed groups. Results of our short-range study give an idea about the role of yeast in marine ornamental aquaculture.
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