Breeding and mass scale rearing of clownfish Amphiprion percula: feeding and rearing in brackishwater

Abstract

Breeding and mass scale larval rearing of clownfi sh Amphiprion percula is very limited in brackishwater. We designed an indoor program of A . percula culture in brackishwater with a salinity of 24±1, during which the impacts of feed type, water temperature, and light intensity, on the effi ciency of its reproduction, were revealed. The fi sh were accommodated along with sea anemones in fi bre glass tanks to determine the infl uence of brooder diet on breeding effi ciency. Higher reproductive effi ciency [number of eggs laid (276  22.3 eggs)] was observed when fi sh were fed live Acetes sp. rather than clam (204  16.4 eggs), trash fi sh (155  12 eggs) and formulated feed (110  10 eggs). The spawning rate was increased during September and October (water temperature, 28.74  0.55°C) on average of 2.4 spawning per month; and low spawning rate was in January (water temperature, 24.55  0.45°C) on average of 1 spawning per month. Among three light intensities (100, 500, and 900 lx) set to evaluate larval survival rate, larvae showed the highest survival rate (65.5%) at 900 lx. The breeding method specifi cally in brackishwater developed in the present study is a new approach, will help the people from the regions of estuary and backwater to enhance their livelihood and it will lead to reduce the exploitation from the wild habitat.

Ascertaining the potential effects of temperature on growth, survival and feeding of different juvenile clown fish

“…Artificial breeding of tropical coral reef fishes became admired focus due to the development of the ornamental fish trade [16,17].…”

“…Data have been expressed as mean依SD. All statistical analyses were made using the statistic software SPSS version 16.0 as described by Dhaneesh et al [16]. …”

Effect of L-carnitine enrichment on the rotifer and influences on clownfish larvae

“…Two main live feeds are used for marine fish seed production, rotifers and brine shrimp nauplii (Dhaneesh et al, 2012). The major source, n-3 HUFA for live organisms can also vary substantially (Sargent et al, 1997).…”

Functional morphogenesis from embryos to adults: Late development shapes trophic niche in coral reef damselfishes

“…Many species will readily deposit eggs in artificial structures that can promote sampling from the wild (Knapp, ; Petersen, ; Sasal, ). Damselfishes from the genera Amphiprion and Premnas (i.e., the Anemonefishes or Clownfishes; Subfamily Pomacentrinae, Tribe Amphiprionini; Cooper & Santini, ) will also readily breed in aquaria (Allen, ; Anil, Santhosh, Prasad, & George, ; Arbuatti, Amendola, Pantaleo, De Angelis, & Robbe, ; Dhaneesh, Kumar, Swagat, & Balasubramanian, ; Madhu, Madhu, Mathew, & Retheesh, ).…”