Breakfast Skipping is Positively Associated With Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence From the Aichi Workers&amp;rsquo; Cohort Study

Uemura, Mayu; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Hilawe, Esayas Haregot; Li, Yuanying; Wang, Chaochen; Chiang, Chifa; Otsuka, Rei; Toyoshima, Hideaki; Koji, Takehiko; Aoyama, Atsuko

doi:10.2188/jea.je20140109

Cited by 63 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…29 In a prospective analysis among 4631 middle-aged Japanese workers (age, 35-66 years at baseline), participants who skipped breakfast ≥2 d/wk had a 73% greater risk of diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.24-2.42) compared with participants who consumed breakfast 6 or 7 d/wk over 8.9 years of follow-up after adjustment for confounders. 62 Finally, in a prospective analysis of young adults (n=3598; baseline age, 18-30 years), daily breakfast consumers had a multivariable-adjusted HR for diabetes mellitus of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.51-0.86) compared with infrequent breakfast eaters (0-3 d/wk) over 18 years of follow-up. 55 This association was mediated by BMI (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.63-1.05).…”

Section: Breakfast Skipping and Other Cvd Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breakfast Skipping and Cvd Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…62,63 Over 16 years of follow-up, men who reported usually skipping breakfast had a 27% (relative risk, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.53) higher risk of CHD (defined as a nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD) compared with men who did not skip breakfast after adjustment for age, demographic factors, and dietary and lifestyle factors. 63 In the second study, conducted in Japan, infrequent breakfast consumption was associated with a greater risk of CVD, specifically greater risk of hemorrhagic stroke, after adjustment for age, sex, dietary and lifestyle factors, perceived mental stress, living alone, physical labor, and public health center area.…”

Section: Breakfast Skipping and Cvd Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

St‐Onge¹,

Ard²,

Baskin³

et al. 2017

Circulation

548

474

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eating patterns are increasingly varied. Typical breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals are difficult to distinguish because skipping meals and snacking have become more prevalent. Such eating styles can have various effects on cardiometabolic health markers, namely obesity, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and blood pressure. In this statement, we review the cardiometabolic health effects of specific eating patterns: skipping breakfast, intermittent fasting, meal frequency (number of daily eating occasions), and timing of eating occasions. Furthermore, we propose definitions for meals, snacks, and eating occasions for use in research. Finally, data suggest that irregular eating patterns appear less favorable for achieving a healthy cardiometabolic profile. Intentional eating with mindful attention to the timing and frequency of eating occasions could lead to healthier lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factor management.T he patterns of meal and snack eating behavior in American adults have changed over the past 40 years. Based on NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data from 1971 to 1974 to 2009 to 2010 (n=62 298), women 20 to 74 years of age reported a decrease in 24-hour meal-derived total energy intake (TEI) from 82% in the 1970s to 77% in 2009 to 2010 and an increase in the proportion of TEI consumed from snacks from 18% to 23%.1 Similar trends were reported among men. The proportion of men and women who reported consuming all 3 standard meals declined over this period (from 73% to 59% in men; from 75% to 63% in women), 1 reflecting changes in eating patterns rather than changes in eating frequency. Indeed, the traditional breakfast-lunch-dinner pattern was not observed in a population of healthy, non-shift-working adults. 2 In that study, the number of eating occasions, defined as consumption of any food or beverage providing at least 5 kcal, was ≈4.2 times a day in the lowest decile and 10.5 times a day for the top decile. There were only 5 hours during the 24-hour day when <1% of all eating occasions occurred: between 1 and 6 am. This study clearly demonstrated that adults in the United States eat around the clock. Because feeding and fasting entrain clock genes, which regulate all aspects of metabolism, meal timing can have serious implications for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. 3,4 The circadian rhythms of the body are controlled by the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus but also by clocks of peripheral organs. Although the master clock is strongly entrained by light, clocks of peripheral organs are additionally responsive to food supply, and temporal restriction of food can reset clock gene rhythms. In mice, food given in the normal sleeping period can uncouple peripheral clocks from the master clock. 5 In fact, time-restricted feeding CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINESin mice alters the robustness and coherence of rhythmic gene transcripts, 6 which may be relevant for cardiom...

show abstract

Section: Breakfast Skipping and Other Cvd Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breakfast Skipping and Cvd Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breakfast Skipping and Cvd Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

St‐Onge¹,

Ard²,

Baskin³

et al. 2017

Circulation

548

474

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Breakfast is considered 1 of the 3 main meals to be held during the day [29,35] and should represent the recommended 25% energy content of the TCV to be consumed in a day [29,36,37]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals were classified as breakfast skippers based on the habit of omitting the breakfast meal for at least 5 days/week [29]. Nutritional status was defined by a joint analysis of clinical diagnosis, food habits identified in the food anamnesis and especially by anthropometry, having BMI as the main factor [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Status Associated to Skipping Breakfast in Brazilian Health Service Patients

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies show that skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, this study evaluated 400 patients from the Brazilian health service who had their nutritional status defined based on the body mass index and were classified as physically active or insufficient active. The energy intake and macronutrients was also assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall where the association of overweight/obesity with the investigated variables was evaluated using chi-square, Student's t test and multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The main results showed that more than half of the studied population have the habit of omitting breakfast (55.8%), and among those, 81.2% were overweight/obese (p < 0.0001). Almost three-fourths of these individuals consumed no more than 4 meals a day (73.0%), and regarding this meal frequency/day, 78.8% of the individuals who reported having 4 meals or less a day were overweight/obese compared with 57.8% who reported as having 5-6 meals/day (p < 0.0001). The individuals who reported to omit breakfast had a higher chance of being overweight compared with those who had this habit (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.40-3.60) and the chance of the physically insufficient active individuals to be overweight/obese was 2.9 times higher when compared to the active individuals (p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest that regular breakfast consumption may decrease overweight and obesity risk.

show abstract

Insulin and incretin hormone responses to rapid versus slow ingestion of a standardized solid breakfast in healthy subjects

Alsalim

Åhrén

2019

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary People with repeated rapid meal ingestion have been reported to have increased risk of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and obesity. To explore whether speed of eating a breakfast influences the postprandial rise of glucose, insulin and the incretin hormones, 24 healthy subjects (12 men and 12 women, mean age 62 years) ingested a standardized solid breakfast consisting of 524 kcal (60% from carbohydrate, 20% from protein, 20% from fat) over 5 or 12 minutes on separate days in random order. Breakfast ingestion increased circulating glucose and insulin with maximal levels seen at 30 minutes after start of meal ingestion with no significant difference in the two tests. Similarly, breakfast increased circulating levels of total (reflecting secretion) glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) with, again, no difference between the tests. Furthermore, gastric emptying, as revealed by the indirect paracetamol test, did not differ between the tests. We therefore conclude that the speed of breakfast ingestion does not affect the postprandial rise of glucose, insulin or incretin hormones in healthy subjects.

show abstract

Breakfast Skipping is Positively Associated With Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence From the Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study

Cited by 63 publications

References 21 publications

Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Nutritional Status Associated to Skipping Breakfast in Brazilian Health Service Patients

Insulin and incretin hormone responses to rapid versus slow ingestion of a standardized solid breakfast in healthy subjects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About