Bovine Decellularized Amniotic Membrane: Extracellular Matrix as Scaffold for Mammalian Skin

Abstract

Decellularized membranes (DM) were obtained from bovine amniotic membranes (BAM) using four different decellularization protocols, based on physical, chemical, and mechanical treatment. The new material was used as a biological scaffold for in vitro skin cell culture. The DM were characterized using hematoxylin-eosin assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in vitro cytotoxicity of DM was evaluated using MTT. The efficacy of decellularization process was assessed through DNA quantification and electrophoresis. All the used protocols showed a high effectiveness in terms of elimination of native cells, confirmed by DNA extraction and quantification, electrophoresis, and SEM, although protocol IV removes the cellular contents and preserve the native extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture which it can be considered as the most effective in terms of decellularization. FTIR-ATR and DSC on the other hand, revealed the effects of decellularization on the biochemical composition of the matrices. There was no cytotoxicity and the biological matrices obtained were a source of collagen for recellularization. The matrices of protocols I, II, and III were degraded at day 21 of cell culture, forming a gel. The biocompatibility in vitro was demonstrated; hence these matrices may be deemed as potential scaffold for epithelial tissue regeneration.

Decellularized spinal cord meninges extracellular matrix hydrogel that supports neurogenic differentiation and vascular structure formation

“…After 600°C, the inorganic constituents in the dSCM might be thermally degraded (Galia et al, 2011). On the other hand, the DSC thermogram illustrated the typical thermal denaturation peak of collagen (50°C) (Figure S1b) (Ballesteros et al, 2020;Claudio-Rizo et al, 2018).…”

Recent Advances in Decellularized Matrix-Derived Materials for Bioink and 3D Bioprinting

“…Residual dsDNA could be directly linked to the remaining cells and trigger unfavorable host reactions. Quantitative assays have shown that less than 50 ng dsDNA per mg ECM dry weight is enough to achieve decellularization [ 57 , 58 ].…”

Mimicking the Natural Basement Membrane for Advanced Tissue Engineering

“…The organs from which dECM have been harvested range from skin, lung, cornea, , bladder, kidney, placenta, , amniotic membrane, − cartilage, adipose tissue, , esophagus, and liver and have been used in organ regeneration and in vitro model construction. Comercially available human decellularized dermal matrix (Glyaderm) was shown to enhance re-epithelialization and healed full thickness skin defects when seeded with adipose derived stem cells (ASC) in murine wound models .…”