Recent Advances in Decellularized Matrix-Derived Materials for Bioink and 3D Bioprinting

Abstract

As an emerging 3D printing technology, 3D bioprinting has shown great potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Decellularized extracellular matrices (dECM) have recently made significant research strides and have been used to create unique tissue-specific bioink that can mimic biomimetic microenvironments. Combining dECMs with 3D bioprinting may provide a new strategy to prepare biomimetic hydrogels for bioinks and hold the potential to construct tissue analogs in vitro, similar to native tissues. Currently, the dECM has been proven to be one of the fastest growing bioactive printing materials and plays an essential role in cell-based 3D bioprinting. This review introduces the methods of preparing and identifying dECMs and the characteristic requirements of bioink for use in 3D bioprinting. The most recent advances in dECM-derived bioactive printing materials are then thoroughly reviewed by examining their application in the bioprinting of different tissues, such as bone, cartilage, muscle, the heart, the nervous system, and other tissues. Finally, the potential of bioactive printing materials generated from dECM is discussed.

Transplantation of beige adipose organoids fabricated using adipose acellular matrix hydrogel improves metabolic dysfunction in high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and type 2 diabetes mice

“…Obtaining an acellular matrix from liposuction is feasible, and fatderived acellular hydrogels have been shown to promote both adipocyte differentiation and vascularization (Getova et al, 2019;Kayabolen et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021). While the mechanisms by which extracellular matrices play roles in stem cell differentiation and fate determination remain unclear, they retain physical signals such as spatial topological structures, stiffness, adhesion, elasticity, and bioactive molecules including endogenous growth factors (Liu et al, 2023;Zhu et al, 2023).…”

Review in edible materials for sustainable cultured meat: scaffolds and microcarriers production

“…These bioinks can be made from natural or synthetic biomaterials or a combination of both (Gungor‐Ozkerim et al ., 2018). Decellularisation is a method for designing biocompatible tissue scaffolds and biomaterials from plants or might animals‐derived by removing nuclear material while retaining ECM as 3D scaffolds (Liu et al ., 2023; Toker‐Bayraktar et al ., 2023). Decellularised ECM, which contains ECM components like collagen, glycosaminoglycans and growth factors, is used as both a bioink and a scaffold (Choi et al ., 2016).…”

Decellularization and Their Significance for Tissue Regeneration in the Era of 3D Bioprinting

“…In addition to this, there is a necessity to understand various factors like the composition, properties, and structural characteristics of dECM derived from various sources. Establishing a standard sterilization protocol for dECM-derived products will have a positive impact on recipient tissues …”

“…The dECM-based bioinks can be formulated using sterilized decellularized materials and polymeric biomaterial with an appropriate shear thinning phenomenon to obtain printability. The biophysical properties of 3D bioprinted constructs such as the porosity and mechanical strength are based on the constitution of the bioink . The generalized process of generating dECM-derived bioinks is briefly outlined in Figure .…”