Bòsò Walikan Malang’s Address Practices

Abstract

Address practices in natural conversations are sociolinguistically significant, because they display speakers' socio-cultural values as well as the community's social structure and social change. Focusing on Bòsò Walikan Malang 1 (/bɔsɔ waliʔan malaŋan/, hereafter referred to as Walikan), a youth language spoken in Malang, this paper examines how address terms and politeness are practiced in a multilingual setting. Walikan is a colloquial variety of local Javanese and Indonesian that features word reversing (mlaku > uklam 'to walk'; makan > nakam 'to eat'). The youth language was specifically chosen as the focus of this study because it is an important symbol of the socio-cultural identity of the Arema (Arek Malang; the people of Malang). Looking at the underexplored topic of speech levels in youth language, the current research discusses the value of Walikan's address terms and how they are currently used to demonstrate the speakers' linguistic politeness. The analysis compares Walikan's address terms with those of Javanese and Indonesian, two dominant languages spoken in the area. Data for the current study were drawn from recordings, interviews, and observations conducted in an extensive fieldwork. The results of this study reveal a speakers' shift of value that is mainly prompted by a compromised common ground and social distance. The study argues that address practices in Walikan show different degree of politeness than that of Javanese and Indonesian.

Obstacles Level of Learning Javanese Speech: A Phenomenology Study in Elementary School

“…words "kita" In the Javanese language should be pronounced "kito", "supaya" In the Javanese language should be pronounced "supoyo", Student errors occur in letters "a" is pronounced "o" the word "kancakanca" Which should be pronounced with words "koncokonco" and "rubeda nir sambekala" Which should be pronounced with "rubedo nir sambekolo", word e be pronounced "έ" For example on word kendel and kendhel, etc. This has relevance with the research from [12] about decoding basa walikan -a preliminary analysis of Malang 'reverse' language.…”

Wòlak-waliké jaman; Exploring contemporary Walikan in public space

“…The reversal can affect content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs), pronouns, and discourse particles. In particular, the reversed form of certain pronouns in Walikan infers different degrees of politeness compared to those present in Indonesian and Javanese (Yannuar, Iragiliati, and Zen 2017). Example (4) shows instances in which a Malangan Javanese utterance contains reversed nouns and pronouns.…”

A Preliminary Evidence of Transfer in the Acquisition of Sentential Negation of English in Multilingual Indonesian Children in School Contexts

“…(Musgrave, 2014) Sentence 1, 2, and 3 have the same meaning, yet are expressed in different speech levels; sentence 1 is in Ngaka, 2 is in Madya, and 3 is in Krama. Apart from these speechlevel-based varieties, the use of address terms and other socio-pragmatic markers has also expressed socio-cultural values of the people (Yannuar, Iragiliati & Zen 2017). The Javanese language textbook for primary education is designed to contain all varieties of the speech levels; this is done to accommodate the need for young learners to communicate across different ages and other social aspects of interlocutors.…”