The study aims to compare the effectiveness of Guided Inquiry Learning (GIL) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. A number of prior studies have implemented the GIL model for a limited area such as science. Similar to the PBL learning design, the previous studies that highlighted the application of GIL model was commonly targeted to find out its comparison with the traditional learning models. There was no relevant study that specifically compared both models in the explanatory writing activity to discuss the human respiratory system and its disturbances. The current study applied a quasi-experimental design by involving the fifth-grade primary school students of the 2018/19 academic year in Surakarta as the population. Meanwhile, the sample consisted of 162 students that were selected through multi-stage sampling. The data consisted of the students' explanatory writing test scores that were analyzed through a one-way ANOVA. The findings confirm that the GIL model is considered more effective than PBL for the explanatory writing activity due to the students' concrete operational age that still requires teacher-centred guidance in producing explanatory texts. With regards to the condition, the PBL model cannot offer effectiveness for the explanatory writing activity, as the model mainly emphasizes the students' problem-solving skills.

Creative thinking involves the activities of complex skills and cognitive abilities, personality factors and motivations, styles, strategies, and metacognitive skills. Therefore, creative-thinking skills can reflect the students’ personality considered as unique individuals. On the other hand, the effectiveness of education can be seen from teaching practices and class climate. The application of guided inquiry learning (GIL) and problem-based learning (PBL) models is one effort to improve the effectiveness of education. This research is a mixed-method case study that aims to describe the behaviour of groups of students, studying with GIL and PBL, with high, moderate, and low creative-thinking skills. The mixed-method analysis applied is a concurrent embedded strategy that combines primary data (qualitative) and secondary data (quantitative) to complement each other. The results showed that the application of the GIL and PBL models was proved to be effective for learning explanatory writing skills. In terms of the creative-thinking skills, the higher the students' creative-thinking skills are, the higher their explanatory writing skills will be. Students who have high creative-thinking skills also exhibit prominent attitudes during the learning process, such as intensity of asking frequently with substantive questions on the subject matter and having good opinion and leadership skills.

This study aims to explore the paradoxical character values on visual semiotics wayang purwa of Raseksa and Satria profiles. Satria and Raseksa figures were selected using a purposive sampling technique, through wayang Pandavas and Kuravas. The study was designed with qualitative research approach; the data were collected using the techniques of interviews, observation, and document analysis. The data were analyzed following the steps of data reduction, data display, and verification. The results of the research revealed that in wayang, the Raseksa and Satria figures represent a paradoxical representation of both the external structure and the inner structure. The outer structure is in the form of wayang purwa visual elements, which turns out to be the opposite shape from both Pandavas and Kuravas figures. The inner structure is more about the inseparable meaning and value from the outer structure. In semiotics, the visual element (outer structure) of Pandavas and Kuravas figures can be represented or interpreted based on their values and meanings (inner structure) in addition to show a conflict of meaning. The paradoxical cultural value in Javanese culture is essentially learning experienced-based humanity values manifested through puppet characters. This is exemplified by the Islamic example of the Prophet Muhammad and its mandatory and impossible natures.  The wayang Satria may represent the obligatory nature (good character), and wayang Raseksa represent the impossible (bad character) of humans.

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This research is a class action research aiming to develop the short story writing skill score in grade VII C students of SMPN 5 Kediri academic year 2016/2017. The result of this study showed that there was an increasing in the mean score of students' short story writing skills through the Time Token learning model and video media. In the first cycle, the percentage of students' completion was 60% with an mean score of 73.1. Then in cycle II the percentage of students' completeness was 90% with an mean score of 76.6. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the use of Time Token learning model and video media can increase the score of the learning achievement of short story writing skills of VII C grade SMPN 5 Kediri students in the academic year 2016/2017.

This article discusses the wisdom of Banyumas women in preserving the environment, as represented in the novels of Ahmad Tohari. In this study, 'Banyumas women' is the term used for women who live in the Banyumas area, central Java, Indonesia and who perform activities which preserve their environment. Research into literary works such as Ahmad Tohari's novels is important because its results can be used as guidelines for readers in choosing quality literature. This research was conducted employing an ecofeminism approach to literary texts. The research method used is qualitative content analysis and the data is drawn from six novels by Ahmad Tohari. The results of the study show that novels by Ahmad Tohari depict women who engage in activities which manage the environment wisely. These activities include wisely conducted activities in processing natural resources into food and herbal medicines, using environmentally friendly equipment in daily living, preserving domesticated animals and their habitats, and in utilizing nature as a medium and a place to play for their children. These environment-preserving activities represented in Ahmad Tohari's novels can be used as a guide for people around the world for preserving their own environments.

INTERNALIZATION OF NATIONALIST CHARACTER ON ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of nationalist attitudes in the Islamic manifestations among students with different ethnicities in Islamic elementary schools. The school researched was Diponegoro Islamic Elementary School, Surakarta City. The students are mostly from Arabic ethnic, while the others are minority such as Javanese and Madurese. This study used qualitative method. Data were collected using observation, indepth interviews, and literature review. The observation technique used was passive participation. The literature data collected were national and international journals. Data analysis was done by triangulation. The results showed that the diverse ethnic cultural conditions in Diponegoro Islamic Elementary School provide challenges as well as opportunities for the school to instill nationalism and character of Islamiyah and the

Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pendidikan seni tari di sanggar seni Sarwi Retno Budaya Surakarta sebagai pengembangan karakter anak. Metodologi penelitiannya bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan kritik seni holistik yang menggunakan rujukan teori: (1) Pembelajaran, (2) Pendidikan Karakter, (3) Seni Pertunjukan, dan (4) Komunikasi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui: studi pustaka, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisisnya menggunakan cara-cara kualitatif yaitu seluruh kegiatan atau aktifitas analisisnya dilakukan bersamaan dengan proses atau waktu pengumpulan data dan pada bagian akhir data-data yang bersifat genetik, objektif dan afektif dikaji secara integratif untuk menarik simpulan sebagai makna tunggal yang menempatkan posisi setiap temuan berada pada satu kesatuan konteks. Hasil temuan penelitian ini bahwa pendidikan seni tari di sanggar seni Sarwi Retno Budaya mampu mendidik penari profesional yang memiliki nilai-nilai karakter sebagai pengembangan karakter anak supaya memiliki kepribadian yang bertanggungjawab untuk menjaga, melestarikan dan mengembangkan peradaban budaya bangsa Indonesia. Adapun nilai-nilai karakter yang ditanamkan terhadap anak-anak atau siswa sanggar seni Sarwi Retno Budaya yaitu: nilai spiritual, nilai kejujuran, nilai santun, nilai kerjasama, nilai tenggang rasa, nilai disiplin, nilai kreatif, dan nilai tanggungjawab.