Body Fat Deposition and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Men

Abstract

Purpose. To determine whether risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (anthropometry, blood pressure, blood lipid profile) differ between men classified into the three relative body fat %BF categories (%BF £ 19: healthy; %BF > 19 and %BF < 30: overweight, and %BF ³ 30: obesity). Basic procedures. A total of 112 volunteers from Brasília, Brazil, were submitted to the measurement of body weight, height and waist, abdominal and hip circumference. The body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. %BF and body fat topography (arm, leg and trunk %BF) were estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood pressure was measured by auscultation and blood variables were determined by an enzymatic method. Univariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance and the Scheffé post hoc test were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Main findings. The three %BF groups differed significantly in terms of body weight and body circumference measures, with higher mean values being observed the higher the %BF. Fasting glycemia and high-density lipoprotein did not differ between groups, indicating the interference of other factors. BMI, WHR, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, atherogenic index and atherogenic cholesterol were statistically similar in the overweight and obese groups and differed significantly from the healthy group. Conclusions. Abdominal, waist, hip circumference and body fat topography (arm, leg and trunk %BF) differ between the three %BF groups. None of the blood variables differed significantly between the overweight and obese groups. The cutoff %BF > 19 (measured by DXA) seems to be a good parameter to indicate cardiovascular risk factors in men.

Multimodality in silico imaging of dense breasts: a comparative study of ultrasound computed tomography and digital breast tomosynthesis

“…For the purposes of our investigation, the value of y was set to 1.36 across all tissue types. Tissue Labels voxel value SOS (m/s) Density (kg/m 1: Acoustic properties of various tissues included in the simulated breast phantom, extracted from previously published works [20][21][22][23][24][25] After assigning the general acoustinc properties, a second step involves the sampling of scattering centers within each tissue type. These scatterers are critical for simulating the speckle pattern seen in ultrasound images, which results from the interference of ultrasound waves reflected by microscopic variations in tissue density and composition.…”