“…FTIR peaks around 504, 554, 758 and 827 cm -1 were due to MnO NPs [36][37][38][39][40]. However, peaks around 603 (R-CH group), 922 (-C-O bond), 1220 (CH 2 group or C-O stretching), 1319, 1368 (C-O vibrations), 1475 (bending frequency methylene group), 1618 (aromatic C = C bond stretching), 1707 (C = O stretching vibrations), 2925 (-C = C bond) and 3393 (OH bond) cm -1 were observed mainly due to the presence of eugenol, caryophyllene, humulene and eugenol acetate in CE [41][42][43]. FTIR characterization of CE revealed similar peaks around 551, 600, 918, 1226, 1368, 1447, 1615, 1729, and 2936 cm -1 which were due to presence of these moieties (Supplementary figure S4b ).…”