Biomechanical studies of the remodeling of knee joint tendons and ligaments

Hayashi, Kozaburo

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(95)00163-8

Cited by 69 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Growing and maturing rapidly (Hansen, 1977), Mazzaella varies in abundance throughout the year (Hansen, 1977;Foster, 1982;DeWreede and Green, 1990;Dyck and DeWreede, 2006b). Unlike engineering materials, living biological tissues, as in tendon, ligament and some macroalgae, can actively alter their material properties over time in response to changing mechanical loadings imposed in situ (Noyes, 1977;Norton et al, 1981;Armstrong, 1987;Woo et al, 1987;Kraemer and Chapman, 1991;Hayashi, 1996;Buchanan and Marsh, 2001;Kitzes and Denny, 2005;Arampatzis et al, 2007). Yet fatigue properties of M. flaccida apparently do not shift with seasonal fluctuations in wave-imposed forces.…”

Section: Seasonal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and biological consequences of repetitive loading: crack initiation and fatigue failure in the red macroalga Mazzaella

Mach

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYOn rocky shores, wave-swept macroalgae experience dramatic and repeated wave-induced hydrodynamic forces. However, previous studies of macroalgal mechanics have shown that individual waves are not forceful enough to account for observed rates of breakage. Instead, fatigue may contribute to algal breakage, with damage accumulating over time in conditions of repeated loading. Here I examine the entire process of fatigue, from crack initiation to eventual specimen fracture, in the common red alga Mazzaella. Propensity for fatigue failure in laboratory tests varied with life history phase and species: at a given repeated loading stress, male gametophytes endured more loading cycles before breakage than tetrasporophytes, which in turn lasted longer than female gametophytes; likewise, M. splendens withstood more loading cycles at a given repeated loading stress than M. flaccida. Fatigue failure begins with formation of cracks, the timing and location of which were assessed. Cracks formed, on average, after approximately 80-90% of cycles required for failure had passed, although crack timing varied with life history phase. Also, crack formation frequently occurred in association with endophytes and female gametophyte reproductive structures, suggesting a cost of endophyte infection and a tradeoff between reproduction and mechanical survival. Comparison between laboratory and field loading conditions provides robust confirmation that fatigue breaks fronds in natural M. flaccida populations. Large, female gametophyte fronds are predicted to be most susceptible to fatigue failure in the field, whereas small, male gametophyte fronds are least likely to break.

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Section: Seasonal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and biological consequences of repetitive loading: crack initiation and fatigue failure in the red macroalga Mazzaella

Mach

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Previous studies have shown that stress deprivation can significantly reduce the extracellular matrix biosynthesis and mechanical properties of components of the musculoskeletal system, such as bone (Takata and Tasui 2001;Bikle et al 2003) and tendon (Hayashi 1996;Kjaer 2004). On the other hand, overload may cause similar problems in these tissues (Hayashi 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Strain-related collagen gene expression in human osteoblast-like cells

2005

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The gene expression of cells in the musculoskeletal system, such as in bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon, is profoundly affected by mechanical loading. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of many genes, including collagen types I and III, are affected by mechanical strain in diverse cell types, such as human osteoblast-like SaOs-2 cells. However, whether the effect of mechanical loading on collagen gene expression is strain-related remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between mechanical strain and the gene expression of collagen types I and III in SaOs-2 cells. A Flexercell cellular mechanical loading system was used to subject SaOs-2 cells to equibiaxial cyclic tensile stress at a rate of 0.5 Hz with various strains of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% for 24 h. The relative amount of mRNA of both collagen I and collagen III increased at 5% strain compared with that of the control. As the strain increased, the relative amount of mRNA of collagen I remained stable at strain levels up to 12.5%. However, the mRNA for collagen III began to drop when the strain was greater than 5%, until a 10% strain was reached. From the application of a 10% strain through the maximum loading of a 12.5% strain, the relative amount of collagen III mRNA remained stable at amounts lower than that of the control. Thus, the gene expression of collagen types I and III responds differentially to mechanical strain at various magnitudes.

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“…With cartilage and bone loss in the medial compartment, the varus deformity progresses and lateral laxity develops following stiffening of the peri-articular ligaments [3]. Ligaments are capable of adapting to altered loads by change of material properties [8,15,31] anti dimensions [l]. As the disease progresses, the bony deformity and imbalance between medial and lateral ligamentous structures may further accelerate cartilage wear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in human knee ligament stiffness secondary to osteoarthritis

Fishkin

Miller

Ritter

et al. 2002

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Stiffness of the medial (MCL) and lateral (LCL) collateral ligaments was compared between a group of 10 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty for varus degenerative osteoarthritis (OAP), a group of 10 osteoarthritic cadaveric knees (OAC), and a group of 10 non-osteoarthritic cadaveric knees (NOA). A load4ongation curve was obtained for the medial and lateral compartments of each knee using an instrumented Moreland spreader. A strain gage (SG) was attached to the spreader handle and strain was calibrated to load applied against the spread distance. In extension, medial compartment stiffness of the OAP, OAC, and NOA groups

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Biomechanical studies of the remodeling of knee joint tendons and ligaments

Cited by 69 publications

References 29 publications

Mechanical and biological consequences of repetitive loading: crack initiation and fatigue failure in the red macroalga Mazzaella

Mechanical and biological consequences of repetitive loading: crack initiation and fatigue failure in the red macroalga Mazzaella

Strain-related collagen gene expression in human osteoblast-like cells

Changes in human knee ligament stiffness secondary to osteoarthritis

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